diagnosis
Tocqueville’s democratic theory appears to flatten extremes and make ordinary happiness more likely, but Jiang says Tocqueville judged America’s actual result harsher than the theory promised.
Topic brief
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Aristocracy
Tocqueville’s democratic theory appears to flatten extremes and make ordinary happiness more likely, but Jiang says Tocqueville judged America’s actual result harsher than the theory promised.
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Key Notes
evidence
The musket undermined knightly aristocracy because a devoted common person could learn to pierce armor in roughly 60 days.
diagnosis
The Huang Chao Rebellion eliminated Tang aristocratic families, opening space for the Song to prevent nobility from arising again.
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Jiang says a Senate composed of aristocratic ruling houses produces corruption when power is evenly divided, because the houses can mainly agree to share corruption together.
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Socrates attracted wealthy anti-democratic aristocrats because he taught them mental or linguistic kung fu for beating commoners who thought they were equals.
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Timestamped Evidence
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"There would be more vices and fewer crimes. Okay let's look at to understand. So what he's seeing is this in aristocratic societies in..."
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"de Tocqueville spent a lot of time looking at America and he decided that's not what happened. Okay it's not that you went from..."
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"Catholic Europe was wealthier and stronger, but they still won, okay? And the reason why they won is due to the invention of three..."
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"And it's very expensive to be a knight. But now, eventually, you have the gun, the musket. Okay? And it takes about 60 days..."
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"...they were all killed in this rebellion. When you remove the aristocracy, this gives the Song Dynasty room to implement a new policy and..."
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"...significance of the Huang Chao Rebellion. It eliminated the idea of aristocracy in China. Okay. So Professor Wang Yuhua. What he does is he..."
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"...discussed in previous classes, the Senate is composed of the Roman aristocracy, the ruling houses of Rome. When you have that, when you have..."
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"And so the Senate was a huge problem because they basically monopolized wealth. And there was a lot of discontent in the provinces. There..."
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"this is not a great play okay this is not a famous play of Greece but it tells you what Athenians thought of Socrates..."
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"...the nobility are in charge another name for oligarchy is the aristocracy okay and that's"
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"...center. We believe that the Mycenaean culture, it is a warrior aristocracy. So, the people in charge are warriors as opposed to a priest..."
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"...they form a hierarchy where there are palaces where there's an aristocracy um and where the different they're divided into different classes okay but..."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
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America begins here as a cure for civilization: a clean-slate game built from Enlightenment rights, self-help, property, and fair rules.
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The Protestant Reformation begins as liberation from priest, pope, and ritual.
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China had the technologies that made modernity possible, then built a political culture that made those technologies inert.
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Byzantium survives for a thousand years because it solves Rome's political problem.
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A source-grounded reading of the lecture's central turn: Socrates attacks democracy by exposing the weakness of language and reason, then Plato rescues Socrates by turning the cave into a martyr story, a Christian universe,...
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