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Wang Yuhua's paradox, as Jiang presents it, is that China's wealth and imperial security move in opposite directions: rich Tang emperors are vulnerable, poorer Qing emperors are stable.
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Jiang calls the Han the last ethnically Chinese dynasty committed to protecting and propagating Chinese culture, and presents the Tang as a Xianbei-founded universal multicultural empire.
Tang reliance on powerful generals creates the conditions for the An Lushan Rebellion and later leaves the dynasty vulnerable to Huang Chao.
The Song invested power in imperial bureaucracy to avoid the Tang problem of overmighty generals.
Wang Yuhua's paradox, as Jiang presents it, is that China's wealth and imperial security move in opposite directions: rich Tang emperors are vulnerable, poorer Qing emperors are stable.
The Huang Chao Rebellion eliminated Tang aristocratic families, opening space for the Song to prevent nobility from arising again.
"...You guys should know this. What comes after the Han? The Tang Dynasty, okay? So this is one thing that is misunderstood. The Han..."
"But there are many problems with the Tang Dynasty. So there's a heavy reliance on generals to fight wars, and this will eventually lead..."
"...northern tribes, okay? They're trying to avoid the trap of the Tang, where you give too much power to a general, and the general..."
"...question, and the central question is this. We know that the Tang Dynasty was really the height of Chinese power. It had about a..."
"Five emperors, at least five emperors, during the Tang Dynasty were deposed by the elite. The aristocracy got together and were through the emperor,..."
"...have enough to eat, they often rebel. Okay? And in the Tang, this would culminate in something called the Huang Chao Rebellion, which would..."
"...he shows you how networks work in China. So during the Tang Dynasty, as you can see, there are centers which then moved to..."
"...for long, all right? And the same is true for the Tang as well."
"...deposed by the elite, okay? And it turns out, like, the Tang was really the height. But then when you get to the Song,..."
"...that it was introduced briefly in the Sui, and then the Tang Dynasty started to use it. Okay? But it was really the Song..."
"...conquer. All right? So let's just do a comparison of the Tang and the Song. As you can see, what's really important is, look..."
"...where Chinese civilization began. But starting by the time of the Tang, they're starting to spread out more."
China had the technologies that made modernity possible, then built a political culture that made those technologies inert.
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