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Jiang treats the Indus Valley Civilization as an important exception: an urban system that remained peaceful, egalitarian, artistic, and relatively non-bureaucratic.
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Jiang treats the Indus Valley Civilization as an important exception: an urban system that remained peaceful, egalitarian, artistic, and relatively non-bureaucratic.
"There are exceptions. Okay? So for example one civilization that we know that did not work out like this is something called the Indus..."
"...despite their background, they're able to succeed. But that's often the exception to the rule, as opposed to the rule itself. Okay? So thank..."
"...this happen throughout the entire world in all societies. The only exception is Israel and Georgia. But these are very small realities. Bare cases...."
"...the South, France, Spain, Italy, they will remain Catholic. The only exception is this, the South of France, okay? The South of France. The..."
"...then you have banknotes as well. And banknotes really is the exception of wealth, okay? Which means that in theory now, you could have..."
"...decline in the state's ability to collect taxes, okay? The only exceptions are around the year 1600, when the Ming transitions to the Qing,..."
"...is this an iron law of the universe or were there exceptions okay so he asked did any ever go by his own merit..."
"So she comes across as an extremely popular exception figure, okay? So this doesn't make sense, okay? So the conclusion is that given the..."
A source-grounded reading of Jiang’s lecture on why the so-called barbarians repeatedly defeat civilization: empires turn innovation into bureaucracy, while the steppe turns geography, animals, inheritance, oath, myth, and violence into mobile social power.
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