model
Horse plus wheel creates the wagon, and the wagon makes a nomadic pastoral economy possible because herders can move with their cattle as grass is consumed.
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Topic brief
A Jiang Lens evidence brief for this topic, built from source tags, transcript matches, and linked source refs.
Wheel
Horse plus wheel creates the wagon, and the wagon makes a nomadic pastoral economy possible because herders can move with their cattle as grass is consumed.
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Key Notes
model
The reconstructed vocabulary lets Jiang infer four traits of the Proto-Indo-Europeans: wheels, dairy consumption, relatively few agricultural terms, and horse domestication.
evidence
Because wheel vocabulary belongs to Proto-Indo-European and wheels appear archaeologically around 3500 BCE, Jiang dates the first speakers after the invention of the wheel.
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Timestamped Evidence
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"...ride horses. That's the third big innovation. Then they invented the wheel. Okay? And what is important is if you have the horse and..."
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"So any questions so far? All right. Now, the problem for linguists is how do you piece together the language, okay? Because this language..."
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"...is that unlike other cultures, these people have a word for wheel. In fact, they have five different words for wheel. And what this..."
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"So these people, not only did they invent the wheel, but they changed their system, biological system, so that they became lactose tolerant. They..."
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"...who they were. Okay? Does that make sense? All right. So, wheels. Okay? So again, they have five different words for wheels, and we're..."
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"...Does that make sense? Okay, if you take away a steering wheel. On one hand you come back to your car in this situation..."
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"...when a heavy fog is blowing thick, a windmill seems to wheel when seen far off. So then I seemed to see that sort..."
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"...pilot of the livid marsh, whose eyes were ringed about with wheels of flame."
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"...pilot of the livid marsh, whose eyes were ringed about with wheels of flame."
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"...horse riding, now you can have another invention, which is the wheel and the wagon, wheel and wagon. Now you can put all your..."
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"...Okay? First of all, they have lots of words for a wheel. They have words for a dairy. They don't have farming terms. And..."
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"...All right? Okay. There's a wonderful book called The Horse, the Wheel, and Language written by David Anthony, who's a Harvard anthropologist. And he..."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
Reading
Old Europe begins as a Mother Goddess world of agriculture, unity, women, peace, and art.
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Reading
Gimbutas's Old Europe becomes Jiang's Paradise Lost: a Mother Goddess civilization where art, writing, sexual agency, and nonviolent social control show that war, property, and patriarchy are historical arrivals, not human nature.
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