evidence
The second steppe innovation is dairy and lactose tolerance, which Jiang treats as a biological-economic change that made milk usable as food.
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Topic brief
A Jiang Lens evidence brief for this topic, built from source tags, transcript matches, and linked source refs.
Dairy
The reconstructed vocabulary lets Jiang infer four traits of the Proto-Indo-Europeans: wheels, dairy consumption, relatively few agricultural terms, and horse domestication.
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Key Notes
model
The reconstructed vocabulary lets Jiang infer four traits of the Proto-Indo-Europeans: wheels, dairy consumption, relatively few agricultural terms, and horse domestication.
evidence
Jiang identifies the Yamnaya as the people behind the Proto-Indo-Europeans and says DNA evidence shows dairy and lactose tolerance were central to their diet and bodies.
Timestamped Evidence
Transcript
"...is, you know what? We can also drink their milk, okay? Dairy. And this is important because for most of human history, we cannot..."
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"So any questions so far? All right. Now, the problem for linguists is how do you piece together the language, okay? Because this language..."
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"...to invent the wheel. Second is that they have words for dairy products, okay? Cow milk. And this is important. Why? Do you guys..."
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"So these people, not only did they invent the wheel, but they changed their system, biological system, so that they became lactose tolerant. They..."
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"...sour milk, buttermilk, cheese, cow. Okay? So whoever these people were, dairy products were a very important part of their culture and their diet...."
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"They were able to develop hormones that allowed them to be lactose tolerant. Okay? Okay, in about 4500 BCE, very few people could drink..."
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"...lots of words for a wheel. They have words for a dairy. They don't have farming terms. And they have words for horse."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
Reading
Old Europe begins as a Mother Goddess world of agriculture, unity, women, peace, and art.
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Gimbutas's Old Europe becomes Jiang's Paradise Lost: a Mother Goddess civilization where art, writing, sexual agency, and nonviolent social control show that war, property, and patriarchy are historical arrivals, not human nature.
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