orthodoxy

Catholic dogma that must be memorized rather than questioned or interpreted independently.

Right or correct thinking enforced by the church as the basis of institutional legitimacy.

Correct thinking; Jiang treats it as an imperial control mechanism that creates heresy.

Doctrine that a central authority tries to impose across otherwise autonomous churches.

He argues that to diverge from the Nicene Creed, adjust it, or question it is heresy because the believer is supposed to recite the formula rather than reinterpret it.

Jiang characterizes the Dominicans as a pre-Jesuit order devoted to learning and education in service of enforcing Christian orthodoxy.

He says Francis founded the Franciscan order as a movement devoted to poverty, while Dominic founded the Dominican order as a movement devoted to learning and Catholic orthodoxy.

He says the Dominican solution was not primarily the sword but the pen: identify heretics through interrogation, isolate them, and re-educate them into orthodoxy.

He interprets Owens's bridge-between-Christians rhetoric as an attempt to reconcile Catholic and Orthodox worlds rather than merely defend Russia geopolitically.

Jiang argues that U.S., Israeli, Iranian, and Russian actors can share overlapping eschatological expectations even while appearing to be adversaries.

Christianity and Orthodoxy are presented as later religions generated from the same Levantine conflict field that structured Jewish return, empire, and messianic expectation.

Science, once dominant, becomes orthodoxy and suppression rather than innovation, helping explain Jiang's claim that the last 20 to 30 years produced scaling and popularization more than major scientific breakthroughs.