model
Macedonia arises when Greek city-states reach equilibrium; Philip II combines the military innovations of Sparta, Thebes, and Athens and recruits their talent.
Topic brief
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Military Innovation
Macedonia arises when Greek city-states reach equilibrium; Philip II combines the military innovations of Sparta, Thebes, and Athens and recruits their talent.
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Key Notes
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Philip II creates the Macedonian war machine by combining Persian, Athenian, Spartan, and Theban innovations with meritocracy and morale.
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Jiang says Arabia's religious tolerance gathered unusually smart Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians whose expertise later helped the Arab military machine.
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Philip improved the phalanx by lightening armor for mobility, extending the spear into a pike for distance, and adding shield bearers to protect the flanks.
Timestamped Evidence
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"...going to do is, they're going to take all the major military innovations of Sparta, Thebes, and Athens to create the world's most powerful..."
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"And what else they're going to do is, they're going to recruit a lot of talent from these places. And then what's going to..."
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"don't choose to because they're not interested in winning the war they're only interested in maintaining the status quo equilibrium okay and of course..."
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"the Persians have their horse archers the Athenians and the Spartans have their hoplites okay I'm sorry but what I can do is I..."
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"...have these different forces in place you can now have major military innovation and what is major military innovation was something called the anvil..."
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"So the Arabian Desert, it is a hotbed of religious diversity and religious tolerance. You are allowed to practice any faith, and people respect..."
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"They stand outside of history. They are in many ways not human. Okay? They don't behave, normal humans behave. Right? Normally, if you're a..."
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"So he had his, he had his soldiers wear less armor. Then the question then is, well, if you wear less armor, then how..."
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"Remember, they were lighter. They could move around faster. And they had longer spears. Okay? So they could maintain distance from you a lot..."
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"...that Philip II would go to Greece to learn all the military innovations, but Aristotle would go to learn all the intellectual innovations of..."
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"...the Persians are developing horse archers. And this is a major military innovation for them. What's really important for us to understand is that..."
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"...is learning how to win battles. He's learning all the major military innovations of this time. From the greatest general of this time. And..."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
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A source-grounded reading of Jiang's Hellenistic World lecture: empire stabilizes itself into stagnation, borderlands beat it with energy and openness, Greece wins as a borderland, then becomes the empire whose universities, cities, and translations...
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Greek culture did not spread because everyone recognized its beauty.
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