model
Macedonia arises when Greek city-states reach equilibrium; Philip II combines the military innovations of Sparta, Thebes, and Athens and recruits their talent.
Topic brief
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Philip II
Macedonia arises when Greek city-states reach equilibrium; Philip II combines the military innovations of Sparta, Thebes, and Athens and recruits their talent.
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Key Notes
diagnosis
He claims Philip II and Aristotle were childhood best friends and reads that as evidence of a long Macedonian plan: Philip absorbs Greek military innovation while Aristotle absorbs Greek intellectual innovation.
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model
Philip II creates the Macedonian war machine by combining Persian, Athenian, Spartan, and Theban innovations with meritocracy and morale.
diagnosis
Jiang says Philip II was ready to invade Persia in 336 after conquering mainland Greece and preparing diplomats and spies inside Persia.
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Jiang infers that Aristotle and Philip II likely grew up and were educated in proximity because Philip was the king's son while Aristotle's father was the king's personal doctor, and both were sent to major Greek centers for education as teenagers.
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Jiang says one possible explanation for weak Athenian resistance to Philip's conquests is that Philip bribed Athenian aristocrats.
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Jiang argues that Aristotle was a plausible middleman for Philip's dealings with Athenian aristocrats because Aristotle spent 20 years at the Academy, where elite Athenians studied.
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Jiang infers from the parallels between Aristotle and Philip that they were close throughout life and helped each other.
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Timestamped Evidence
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"And so they were a democracy, alright? And so over time, because Athens is a democracy that's expanding, Sparta is a land power. Athens..."
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"...unite Greece, okay? Now, who's doing all this? His name is Philip II, okay? Philip II is probably the greatest military genius, one of..."
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"...for a long, long time. So what would happen is that Philip II would go to Greece to learn all the military innovations, but..."
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"...turn it into a tool of empire okay okay so um Philip II will focus on military conquest of the world but Aristotle will..."
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"...all the privileges and everyone else their life sucks but what Philip II understood is like no no no I need to make sure..."
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"...aristocrats are just used to like doing whatever they want but Philip II was insistent no no no every soldier will be treated fairly..."
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"...go conquer Persia um so this is the year 336 when Philip II has conquered all of mainland Greece and he's now ready to..."
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"He was born in year 384. Philip II was born in year 383. That's about the same age, right? Now, Philip II, he's a..."
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"...of the great mysteries historians struggle with. Why is it that Philip II, he's going around, he's conquering all these places that are in..."
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"In fact, the man who most opposed Philip, this Athenian statesman named Demetrius, he actually said this in speeches. He said, listen. I'm telling..."
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"And that's why when Philip needed to negotiate with Athenians. It would make the most sense to send Aristotle. Okay? Does that make sense?..."
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"...arise and unite all of Greece by basically defeating Persia. And Philip II said, hey. That's a great idea. And it should be me...."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
Reading
A source-grounded reading of Jiang's Hellenistic World lecture: empire stabilizes itself into stagnation, borderlands beat it with energy and openness, Greece wins as a borderland, then becomes the empire whose universities, cities, and translations...
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Aristotle is not treated here as the solitary genius behind Western reason.
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Greek culture did not spread because everyone recognized its beauty.
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Related Topics
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