evidence
Jiang argues Cannae is suspect because ancient surrounded armies should become energized, the tactic lacks ancient parallels, and no archaeological site has been found.
Topic brief
A Jiang Lens evidence brief for this topic, built from source tags, transcript matches, and linked source refs.
Cannae
Rome's response to Hannibal is described as brutal and direct: after repeated defeats, it builds an 80,000-man army to throw at Hannibal and crush him.
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Key Notes
diagnosis
Jiang concludes Cannae did not happen and possibly Hannibal did not exist because the alleged behavior fails political, strategic, and religious-messianic logic.
model
Rome's response to Hannibal is described as brutal and direct: after repeated defeats, it builds an 80,000-man army to throw at Hannibal and crush him.
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evidence
At Cannae, Hannibal uses geography, a concave line, cavalry superiority, and double envelopment to trap the Roman army in a circle.
evidence
Jiang presents Cannae as a disaster that killed nearly 70,000 Roman soldiers, cost Rome 20 percent of its adult male population, and killed a third of the Senate.
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Timestamped Evidence
Transcript
"...is the most famous battle. This is called the Battle of Cannae. Okay? And this is what we call a double involvement strategy, where..."
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"Okay? So, you force your men to go to a river, and now the enemy is approaching them. They have no choice but to..."
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"1940 in World War II. Now, the difference, of course, is that by the time you hit the 1940s, you have machine guns. You..."
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"Okay? And when we do this, we use this framework to understand the Battle of the Canal, our conclusion must be, it didn't happen...."
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"the question is, why didn't he go to Carthage, conquer the place, and demand the resources he needs to win against Rome? Why is..."
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"There's no way it could have happened. The second thing is, you can also say that Hannibal Barca did not exist as a person...."
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"...this 80,000 soldier army at something called, at a place called Cannae. And they fight something called the Battle of Cannae in 216 BCE."
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"And this is the most famous battle in human history. Okay? Remember, the Romans outnumbered Hannibal two to one. And what Hannibal does is..."
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"It means the military under Hannibal, it's undisciplined. They're just amateurs. This will be over in an hour. So the Romans are marching confidently..."
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"And what follows is the greatest massacre in history, militarily, until World War I. The army of 80,000 that the Romans sent lost almost..."
Relevant Lectures And Readings
Reading
A source-grounded reading of Jiang's Roman lecture: Rome begins as a poor borderland war machine, invents a liberty of obedience, uses Greek historians and Augustan poets to launder violence, and reaches its deepest secret...
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Hannibal can destroy an army, but he cannot make Rome accept defeat.
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