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Jiang argues that the Spanish period explanation is rejected because of its racist self-understanding, but that its religious logic still contains more evidence than current scholarly interpretation allows.
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Jiang argues that the Spanish period explanation is rejected because of its racist self-understanding, but that its religious logic still contains more evidence than current scholarly interpretation allows.
Urban II's speech is presented as spreading racist rumors about Muslims to generate crusading anger.
Race and racism are framed as modern concepts produced by imperialism's need to justify conquest by calling conquered peoples inferior.
"Our God made us conquerors. It was a divine mission from God. Okay? And the second is, we were so powerful that the natives..."
"...much bloodshed as possible. And here, Pope Urban II, he's spreading racism against the Muslims. In fact, what the rumors are is that in..."
"...in the semester is that the very idea of race and racism it's a new modern concept that didn't exist before. We only have..."
Disease, steel, horses, and divide-and-conquer matter.
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