Jiang rejects the idea that every relevant schism in this circle must be an explicit separation from God, noting that Caesar and Pompey provide Dante with secular political examples.
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Pompey
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Key Notes
Jiang names a second paradox: Cato fought on Pompey's side against Caesar, even though the killers of Caesar are placed among the worst traitors in Inferno.
Pompey could have defeated Caesar by starving Italy, but elite fear of Pompey becoming king forced a battle that Caesar’s loyal army won.
Caesar forms the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus because all three are blocked by the Senate and can trade political support for each other's goals.
At the start of the Caesar-Pompey civil war, Caesar controls Rome and poor Gaul while Pompey and the optimates control Spain, Greece, Anatolia, Syria, and North Africa, including Rome's food supply.
Pompey's best strategy is containment: because Pompey controls Rome's food provinces, he can wait for hunger, troop disloyalty, and Roman resentment to weaken Caesar.
Caesar faces one man versus an entire empire, but he has a highly disciplined, personally devoted army and opponents divided by distrust of Pompey's growing power.
At Pharsalus, optimate pressure overrides Pompey's preferred containment strategy, and Caesar's disciplined army withstands the cavalry hammer-and-anvil maneuver.
Timestamped Evidence
"good but but but according to dante this is schisming from god right and i mean there's"
"not necessarily not necessarily not necessarily no right because caesar and pompey didn't believe in god right okay all right so this is this..."
"Okay, sure. Okay. But, but, but, but that's not necessarily a paradox. Like the fact that he, that he is not a Christian, that's..."
"but he rebelled against Caesar, right? He rebelled against Caesar. He was on the side of Pompeii. Um, so if I'm trying to figure..."
"...that the Ottomans are really stupid, arrogant, and lazy. Okay? So, Pompey, General Pompey, is fighting for the Ottomans, and he's going against Caesar."
"And Pompey's strategy, it's really simple. Okay? Caesar has control over Italy. There's a problem, though. Italy is poor. It does not produce enough..."
"...in this battle, because Caesar has a loyal army, they defeat Pompey, even though Pompey has more soldiers. Okay? And then what Caesar will..."
"...two other individuals that the Senate hates. Okay? The first is Pompey, and Pompey is considered the greatest general of Rome. Okay? Pompey is..."
"Okay? So Caesar, as counsel, will help settle the veterans of Pompey. He'll promote some tax reform that Crassus wants. And in return, Pompey..."
"Everyone back here are not allowed to say anything. Okay? Because you go in turns. The people who sit at the front are the..."
"...its food from the provinces. Okay? So in other words, all Pompey has to do is wait. This is what we call a containment..."
"...and Scipio, they don't really, they hate Caesar. They don't trust Pompey either. Right? Because as this war continues, more and more power will..."
Relevant Lectures And Readings
A source-grounded reading of Jiang's central claim: late Inferno is where private vice hardens into social design.
Jiang turns late Inferno and early Purgatorio into a struggle over imagination itself.
Paradise first appears as receptivity rather than rank, then the lecture widens into vows, memory, resurrection, original sin, and Jiang's culminating wager that God created humanity because perfection alone cannot imagine.
A source-grounded reading of Jiang's Roman lecture: Rome begins as a poor borderland war machine, invents a liberty of obedience, uses Greek historians and Augustan poets to launder violence, and reaches its deepest secret...
Genghis Khan is not explained by saying the Mongols were uniquely evil.
The Bible begins, in this lecture's argument, as political spin for David: a library of collective imagination that turns usurpation, murder, and fear of rivals into legitimacy, identity, and eventually literature.
Rome does not hand Octavian power because he is the best general, the most charismatic speaker, or the obvious heir.
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