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The Ottoman use of cannons against Constantinople in 1453 marks a European military revolution because walls that had made the city invincible could suddenly be destroyed.
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The Ottoman use of cannons against Constantinople in 1453 marks a European military revolution because walls that had made the city invincible could suddenly be destroyed.
The major gunpowder empires are the Ottomans, Mughals, Safavids, and Ming China because each had centralized bureaucracy suited to early gunpowder warfare.
The War of the Holy League is presented as the turning point when Europe defeats the Ottoman Empire and the Ottomans begin rapid decline.
Constantinople fell because the empire around it was swallowed by the Ottomans and siege cannons finally overwhelmed the city walls, not because the city itself had lost its strategic value.
"...besiege the city, okay? But in 1453, this changes because the Ottoman Turks come in with cannons. And they laid siege to Constantinople and..."
"...gunpowder revolution. The first and most important gunpowder empire are the Ottomans, right? They're the ones who took the cannons, the artillery, and they're..."
"...owe their entire loyalty to the sultan, the king of the Ottoman Empire, okay? And these are professional soldiers who made effective, very effective..."
"...because this is when Europe is finally able to defeat the Ottoman Empire. This marks a radical turning point where Europe will now become..."
"Because obviously if you're emperor, you're afraid that your general, your great conquering general will eventually come back and take your throne. Okay. So..."
"...is three years before the eventual fall of the city, the Ottoman Empire just, it's basically taking over the Byzantines. Okay. And the only..."
"...are creation of the British Empire in order to destabilize the Ottoman Empire. And at this time in history, this is like the 19th..."
"...the people who sponsored the Young Turk movement to overthrow the Ottoman Empire and establish the Republic of Turkey. So these are the people..."
"...Spaniards expelled the Jews from Spain, right? And it was the Ottoman Turks, the Ottoman Empire, that sent ships to help the Jews move..."
"...All right. So you have Spain. And Spain, because of the Ottoman Empire, Spain cannot access the East Indies trade. Okay? So it had..."
"...the heartland. And throughout history, that was either the French, the Ottoman Empire. The Germans, or the Russians. So the grand strategy of the..."
"...most likely to unify the Eurasian continent. They also faced the Ottomans, and they also faced the Germans. Now, the British could not seem..."
Gunpowder is not powerful because it makes a louder weapon.
Byzantium survives for a thousand years because it solves Rome's political problem.
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