The Ottoman use of cannons against Constantinople in 1453 marks a European military revolution because walls that had made the city invincible could suddenly be destroyed.
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Ottomans
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The interview frames U.S.
Key Notes
The major gunpowder empires are the Ottomans, Mughals, Safavids, and Ming China because each had centralized bureaucracy suited to early gunpowder warfare.
The War of the Holy League is presented as the turning point when Europe defeats the Ottoman Empire and the Ottomans begin rapid decline.
Constantinople fell because the empire around it was swallowed by the Ottomans and siege cannons finally overwhelmed the city walls, not because the city itself had lost its strategic value.
Timestamped Evidence
"...besiege the city, okay? But in 1453, this changes because the Ottoman Turks come in with cannons. And they laid siege to Constantinople and..."
"...gunpowder revolution. The first and most important gunpowder empire are the Ottomans, right? They're the ones who took the cannons, the artillery, and they're..."
"...owe their entire loyalty to the sultan, the king of the Ottoman Empire, okay? And these are professional soldiers who made effective, very effective..."
"...because this is when Europe is finally able to defeat the Ottoman Empire. This marks a radical turning point where Europe will now become..."
"Because obviously if you're emperor, you're afraid that your general, your great conquering general will eventually come back and take your throne. Okay. So..."
"...is three years before the eventual fall of the city, the Ottoman Empire just, it's basically taking over the Byzantines. Okay. And the only..."
"...are creation of the British Empire in order to destabilize the Ottoman Empire. And at this time in history, this is like the 19th..."
"...the people who sponsored the Young Turk movement to overthrow the Ottoman Empire and establish the Republic of Turkey. So these are the people..."
"...Spaniards expelled the Jews from Spain, right? And it was the Ottoman Turks, the Ottoman Empire, that sent ships to help the Jews move..."
"...there was always fear that either Russia or Germany or the Ottoman Empire would arise. And so for the past 400 years, Anglo -American..."
"...he was the Messiah. They were primarily based in Turkey, the Ottoman Empire. And so he's the Jewish equivalent of Jesus Christ. And even..."
"...not defeat Russia, so the French and the British financed the Ottoman Empire. But in return, the Ottoman Empire had to surrender financial system..."
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