grand strategy

How a state perceives and organizes geopolitics to dominate and preserve its civilization’s continuity.

A theory of the world that lets a state respond to geographic limits and avoid being used by stronger strategists.

Here, Putin's long-game method of using American entrapment in Iran to reshape Europe's political order.

The larger coherent plan Jiang says is missing from the anti-Iran coalition, making even tactical gains self-defeating.

Jiang argues China is culturally an historical middle-kingdom, largely non-expansionary in worldview terms, so short-run globalization is presented as an aberration rather than core norm.

He proposes that Iranian strategy is driven by Shia exceptionalism and a theocratic narrative that explains resilience in asymmetric conditions.

British grand strategy is to prevent any Eurasian heartland power from integrating the continent, because a rail-linked Eurasian bloc would make sea-lane empire bankrupt.

Ideas matter more than raw power because ideas coordinate and motivate populations into action.

Grand strategy is more important than geography because it is the organized response to geographic limits.

Without a theory of the world, a country becomes a pawn used by those who do have grand strategy.

American grand strategy will shift from maintaining Pax Americana and dollar-finance globalization to retreating into the Western Hemisphere and selling resources, oil, rare earths, agriculture, and weapons to the rest of the world.

Jiang says it is pointless to design a grand strategy for China because China has no friends, does not care about the world, and its policymakers do not want a world theory.