heartland

The Eurasian continental bloc whose unification Jiang says American doctrine tries to prevent.

The Eurasian continental core whose unification would threaten British sea power.

Europe-Asia continental core whose unification by Germany or Russia would threaten maritime empires.

The Eurasian strategic space whose possible Russian control Jiang treats as the deeper reason America attacks Iran.

In response to a student’s oil-risk question, Jiang says the simple explanation for U.S. involvement is military doctrine: prevent the heartland from unifying.

Jiang says American grand strategy is to prevent heartland cohesion by blocking any great power or by creating enough conflict that Eurasian powers fight each other.

The rise of BRICS cooperation among Russia, Iran, and China threatens U.S. hegemony because Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and India could follow the heartland trade system.

The United States has no choice but to fight the war, in Jiang’s simple explanation, because preventing heartland unification is its strategy for maintaining world hegemony.

Jiang formulates the hegemonic rule as: whoever controls world trade controls the world, and whoever controls the heartland controls world trade.

British grand strategy is to prevent any Eurasian heartland power from integrating the continent, because a rail-linked Eurasian bloc would make sea-lane empire bankrupt.

Jiang rejects the democracy-versus-freedom mythology of Britain versus Germany and instead explains British opposition through Mackinder-style fear of a heartland power uniting Eurasia and bypassing sea control with railways.

Jiang explains World War I through British and then American resistance to a German European hegemon able to unite the Eurasian heartland.