Jiang reads Euripides' Bacchae as a critique of empire after Athens had become a mafia state and sacrificed young people in wars of empire.
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Euripides
Jiang argues that Euripides reimagines Pericles's funeral oration as the mother holding her son's head and celebrating her own bravery.
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Key Notes
Jiang characterizes Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides as poets who were first and foremost prophets or teachers of democracy.
Jiang argues that Euripides was less respected in Athens while alive because, unlike plays that celebrated Athenian democracy, he criticized it.
Jiang identifies the Bacchae as Euripides's posthumously returned masterpiece and frames it as the final major example after Trojan Women.
Jiang reads the Bacchae as a direct criticism of the Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian War because Athens sacrificed young people to build empire.
Jiang argues that Euripides reimagines Pericles's funeral oration as the mother holding her son's head and celebrating her own bravery.
For Jiang, Euripides's criticism of Athenian democracy is also a defense of it, because democracy requires argumentation, debate, and self-reflection.
Jiang says the three tragedians' works remain powerful because the Oresteia, Oedipus Rex, and the Bacchae are still performed around the world.
Timestamped Evidence
"if you have not read euboides you must read euboides one of the greatest playwrights in human history so he wrote uh the play..."
"...famous playwrights in Athens at that time were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, okay? And these were really playwrights, poets, but they were first and..."
"So to win first place at the Festival of Dionysus is like winning the Nobel Prize in physics today, okay? So what I will..."
"...questions before I move on? All right. Let's talk about, um, Euripides. Okay? And Euripides was, he's the youngest of these three. And he's..."
"But Euripides, he criticized Athenian democracy. All right? So, the example is, in 415 BCE, and this is the height of the Peloponnesian War,..."
"Okay? He died away from Athens. And his last play, he wrote his last play called, the Bacchae in Macedonia. And after he died,..."
"It's really a metaphor or an image for war and empire, okay? Because remember, the Pelagian War is really about building empire, right? Athens..."
"Euripides was probably in the audience, right, because everyone was in the audience when the speech was given, OK? And he reimagines his funeral..."
"...can be better. OK? And again, these three, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides are considered the three greatest playwrights in Athenian history. And these plays..."
"And also the play, Bacchae, it's a direct attack on the idea of theater itself and democracy, OK? But I don't see it that..."
"...Any more questions? Yeah, the Athenians, OK, so the thing about Euripides was that we today, scholars will all agree all these three, Euripides..."
"And that's because well, Euribides was dead, OK? And they were able to see the genius and imagination of the Bac Chai much more..."
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