Dönmeh

Followers of Sabbatai Zevi who converted publicly to Islam while preserving a hidden identity in Jiang's telling.

Families said to convert with Zevi and preserve his teachings in secret.

Jiang uses Donmeh for the turncoat lineages he thinks linked late Ottoman, British, and Saudi elite formation.

The crypto-Jewish followers of Sabbatai Zevi who converted outwardly to Islam while preserving his inversion theology in secret.

Jiang claims Sabbatean/Frankist or Donmeh networks profited from the Ottoman debt regime and then financed the Young Turks when the Sultan turned toward Germany.

Jiang claims the Donmeh families who followed Zevi eventually controlled Turkey, naming Mustafa Ataturk as Donmeh.

Jiang proposes that the House of Saud descends from compromised crypto-Jewish or Donmeh lines and says he reaches that through first-principles inference rather than documentary proof.

Jiang says Zevi's conversion functioned as a redemptive act that absolved converted Jews, and the minority who grasped that logic followed him into Islam while keeping a crypto-Jewish Sabbatean faith.

He describes the Dönmeh as a small cluster of crypto-Jewish families who continued Zevi's inversion theology, including transgression and justification by sin, inside the Islamic world.

Jiang argues that Dönmeh families embedded themselves in upper Ottoman power and became central to the Young Turk movement, extending their relevance into modern Turkish state formation.

He presents modern Turkish leadership as still potentially marked by Dönmeh continuity, citing Ataturk's family background and rumors around Erdogan as signs that the line may still matter politically.