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Gunpowder has three world-historical effects in Jiang's frame: it ends the steppe threat, begins Europe's global dominance, and triggers a whole-society revolution in Europe.
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Gunpowder has three world-historical effects in Jiang's frame: it ends the steppe threat, begins Europe's global dominance, and triggers a whole-society revolution in Europe.
"This is a revolution now in Europe. So over the centuries, what will happen is this. Gunpowder will radically remake the world in three..."
"...important fundamental change is that gunpowder will usher in a whole society revolution that will remake the fabric and structure of European society, okay?..."
"...and Japan as well, okay? So again, gunpowder marks a whole society revolution, changing not just the military and how wars are fought, but..."
Gunpowder is not powerful because it makes a louder weapon.
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