interpretation
Jiang interprets Urban II’s crusade appeal as promising heaven to anyone who fights demons, including poor people, nobodies, criminals, and mercenaries.
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Urban II
A transcript-matched topic anchored by excerpts such as "All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins...."
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"All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins...."
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"Okay, so this is Pope Urban II saying the crusades. It's to go and fight the demons. If you fight a demon, it doesn't..."
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"...Turks, okay? The Ottoman Empire. All right, and that's why Pope Urban II would eventually call for the crusade to liberate the Holy Land..."
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"...the emperor of Constantinople, the Byzantine emperor, he appeals to Pope Urban II, who was the head of the Roman Catholic Church. Can you..."
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"...tried to reduce as much bloodshed as possible. And here, Pope Urban II, he's spreading racism against the Muslims. In fact, what the rumors..."
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"Okay. So as I mentioned, the year 1095, Pope Urban II declares the first crusade. But over the course of the next 20 years,..."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
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Rome fails to build a bureaucracy, Byzantium survives behind walls, and Western Europe is ruled by a stranger empire: a church that claims the sky, the soul, and the right to make impossible doctrine...
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