interpretation
Jiang interprets Urban II’s crusade appeal as promising heaven to anyone who fights demons, including poor people, nobodies, criminals, and mercenaries.
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Urban II
Jiang interprets Urban II’s crusade appeal as promising heaven to anyone who fights demons, including poor people, nobodies, criminals, and mercenaries.
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Key Notes
Timestamped Evidence
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"All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins...."
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"Okay, so this is Pope Urban II saying the crusades. It's to go and fight the demons. If you fight a demon, it doesn't..."
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"...Turks, okay? The Ottoman Empire. All right, and that's why Pope Urban II would eventually call for the crusade to liberate the Holy Land..."
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"...the emperor of Constantinople, the Byzantine emperor, he appeals to Pope Urban II, who was the head of the Roman Catholic Church. Can you..."
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"...tried to reduce as much bloodshed as possible. And here, Pope Urban II, he's spreading racism against the Muslims. In fact, what the rumors..."
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"Okay. So as I mentioned, the year 1095, Pope Urban II declares the first crusade. But over the course of the next 20 years,..."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
Reading
Rome fails to build a bureaucracy, Byzantium survives behind walls, and Western Europe is ruled by a stranger empire: a church that claims the sky, the soul, and the right to make impossible doctrine...
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