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Jiang defines the IVC's five major urban centers as value-adding processing centers that convert raw metals and agricultural products into finished goods for trade.
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Jiang defines the IVC's five major urban centers as value-adding processing centers that convert raw metals and agricultural products into finished goods for trade.
"...through trade. Okay? So what we have found is five major urban centers in the Indian Valley civilization, and these urban centers, you can..."
"...one reason is that the Americans are intent on destroying Iranian urban centers like Tehran, okay? So the Americans and the Israelis are bombing..."
"These are different urban centers of Europe at this time, and they engage mainly in trade. Okay. So the church becomes a much more..."
"...basically artisans, craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers, and they have a specialized craft. That makes them valuable. Okay?..."
"...Because of this excess wealth, you saw the rise of cities, urban centers."
"...you have Rome, London, Paris, all emerging as major manufacturing and urban centers. What's important for us to remember also is that around this..."
"...there might have been some warfare, okay? But with these five urban centers that we've dug up, we have found them pretty intact, meaning..."
"...in the king. Okay? But when we look at these five urban centers of the IVC, there are no palaces. There are no temples...."
A source-grounded reading of the episode's central claim: the Indus Valley was a peaceful trade civilization whose lost religion may survive as the Indian nostalgia for oneness, false reality, and liberation without the gatekeeper.
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