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And if we do this, if we continue to exercise our reason, if we continue to engage in debate, what is often called the..." } ], "lens_points_detail": [ { "id": "lens-point:reason-replacement-religion-atlas", "valid": true, "concept": "atlas-relation", "title": null, "doc_title": "Jiang Lens Atlas", "doc_slug": "lens", "url": "/lens/#reason-replacement-religion-atlas", "text": "Reason becomes a replacement religion when a society claims to move beyond church and priest while preserving religion's truth-making, civil dogma, sacrifice, salvation, and mythic-action functions through reason, debate, progress, utility, revolution, nation, economics, science, materialism, or technocratic systems.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-eneet-0j-y8@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-zprecjhuous@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "video:predictive-history-zprecjhuous@transcript:v1#seg-0117" ] } ] }, { "text": "Without the French Revolution, modernity could not happen", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "segment_id": "seg-0007", "start": 466.92, "end": 542.9, "time_label": "7:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire, okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism, the Christian period, into modernism, all right? And this turning point, which is the most radic..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "the new ones seek to displace the old ones", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008", "segment_id": "seg-0008", "start": 542.94, "end": 626.91, "time_label": "9:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are still people who believe in animism, polytheism, okay, but they're the minority. The dominant people are still the monotheists, okay? 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Polytheism gives action, ritual, fate. Monotheism gives faith, orthodoxy, truth. Modern deism gives reason, debate, progress. None is inherently superior, but each newcomer believes it is. 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So as I keep on mentioning in th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "segment_id": "seg-0002", "start": 82.16, "end": 165.73, "time_label": "1:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "we were interconnected with them we didn't fear death because life and death were part of the same continuous cycle okay so this is the idea of the animistic worldview from then we moved on to the polytheistic polytheis..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "segment_id": "seg-0003", "start": 165.73, "end": 242.53, "time_label": "2:45", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "ritualized manner okay in a way that the community expects of you and to embrace your fate no matter what it is okay that is the polytheistic worldview this then this uh leads us to the monotheistic worldview the monoth..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "segment_id": "seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "time_label": "4:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008", "segment_id": "seg-0008", "start": 542.94, "end": 626.91, "time_label": "9:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are still people who believe in animism, polytheism, okay, but they're the minority. 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Napoleon will militarize it outward.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011" ], "marks": [ { "text": "the poet to envision the future", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "segment_id": "seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "time_label": "10:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All r..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "Rousseau, the poet, Robespierre, the prophet, and Napoleon, the prince", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011", "segment_id": "seg-0011", "start": 788.55, "end": 855.58, "time_label": "13:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this person's name, of course, is Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon. And this is the last class. All right? And my argument to you today is that, without the active cooperation of all three, if they're not able to build..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "segment_id": "seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "time_label": "10:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All r..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "segment_id": "seg-0010", "start": 712.14, "end": 788.47, "time_label": "11:52", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So the poet is Rousseau, Jean -Jacques Rousseau. He wrote the social contract. We will be focusing on Rousseau. We will be focusing on him, mainly today. Okay? He's the one who introduces the idea that it is possible to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011", "segment_id": "seg-0011", "start": 788.55, "end": 855.58, "time_label": "13:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this person's name, of course, is Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon. And this is the last class. All right? 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And my argument to you today is that, without the active cooperation of all three, if they're not able to build..." } ] }, { "id": "middle-class-enlightenment", "heading": "The Middle Class Learns To Think Of Itself", "time_range": "14:15-30:18", "summary": "Dante, gunpowder, urbanization, science, and class formation combine into the European Enlightenment as a new middle-class identity.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "paragraphs": [ { "id": "middle-class-enlightenment-001", "text": "The Enlightenment is not born in empty air. 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That's the fir..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "middle-class-enlightenment-002", "text": "The bourgeoisie have money and tend to conserve their status. The petite bourgeoisie are comfortable but aspirational, close enough to power to want more and far enough away to resent exclusion. The proletariat are precarious and provide revolutionary muscle. But class is not destiny. During the French Revolution, peasants can fight alongside nobles because Catholic loyalty matters more than economic similarity.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019" ], "marks": [ { "text": "why would poor people be fighting against poor people", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "segment_id": "seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "time_label": "22:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loy..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "because they have different religious interests", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "segment_id": "seg-0019", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1468.78, "time_label": "23:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests. Okay? Does that make sense? All right? So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember. There are different groups. This is an oversimplification. And..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "segment_id": "seg-0014", "start": 1022.83, "end": 1096.89, "time_label": "17:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They come from the same families. Okay? But they're the leading elite of society. Okay? You have the tall people, the nobility and the clergy. And then at the other end are the peasants and slaves. But of course, I mean..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "segment_id": "seg-0015", "start": 1097.05, "end": 1168.06, "time_label": "18:17", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The burgers. And the leading citizens of a town usually are the factory owners. The merchants. The people who trade. The bankers. The people who have control of the money. The lawyers. Okay? So these are the bourgeoisie..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "segment_id": "seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "time_label": "19:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So t..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "segment_id": "seg-0017", "start": 1239.32, "end": 1324.66, "time_label": "20:39", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the last group is what will be referred to in the future, not now, as the proletariat. Proletariat. The proletariat are basically artisans, craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers, and they have..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "segment_id": "seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "time_label": "22:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loy..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "segment_id": "seg-0019", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1468.78, "time_label": "23:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests. Okay? Does that make sense? All right? So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember. There are different groups. This is an oversimplification. And..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "middle-class-enlightenment-003", "text": "Middle-class identity rests on education, achievement, and morality. It wants books, newspapers, upward mobility, sexual discipline, and childhood. The Enlightenment is the moment when this rising group uses science to make a self-image. It is a new identity, not merely a pile of ideas.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "marks": [ { "text": "The modern concept of childhood comes from this period", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "a movement to systemize and institutionalize Dante", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "segment_id": "seg-0020", "start": 1468.78, "end": 1554.24, "time_label": "24:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "discuss, what the middle class will do is they will slowly adopt the Enlightenment principles of reason, debate, and progress. Okay? That's how the middle class, or most members of the aspirational middle class, will tr..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "segment_id": "seg-0021", "start": 1554.24, "end": 1610.36, "time_label": "25:54", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I want my children to be better than me. Okay? If you're a peasant, you don't believe your children will live a better life. If you're nobility, you don't really care if your children live a better life. But for the mid..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "segment_id": "seg-0022", "start": 1610.76, "end": 1668.933, "time_label": "26:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are tons and tons of prostitutes in these cities. At this time in Europe. Okay? We just walk on the street and guess what? There are prostitutes everywhere. So as a poor person, you have absolutely no control over..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "start": 855, "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "segment_id": "seg-0012", "start": 855.9, "end": 945.72, "time_label": "14:15", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right. So, let's talk about the ideas that underpin the French Revolution. The Enlightenment. Okay? How did we get into the modern period where the ideas are now reason, debate, and progress? Okay. So let's go back..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013", "segment_id": "seg-0013", "start": 946, "end": 1022.67, "time_label": "15:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? The idea of a nation. Okay? At first, it's an absolute monarchy, but then after the French Revolution, it transitions into a nation state. Okay? From decentralization into centralization, basically. That's the fir..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "segment_id": "seg-0014", "start": 1022.83, "end": 1096.89, "time_label": "17:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They come from the same families. Okay? But they're the leading elite of society. Okay? You have the tall people, the nobility and the clergy. And then at the other end are the peasants and slaves. But of course, I mean..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "segment_id": "seg-0015", "start": 1097.05, "end": 1168.06, "time_label": "18:17", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The burgers. And the leading citizens of a town usually are the factory owners. The merchants. The people who trade. The bankers. The people who have control of the money. The lawyers. Okay? So these are the bourgeoisie..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "segment_id": "seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "time_label": "19:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So t..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "segment_id": "seg-0017", "start": 1239.32, "end": 1324.66, "time_label": "20:39", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the last group is what will be referred to in the future, not now, as the proletariat. Proletariat. The proletariat are basically artisans, craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers, and they have..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "segment_id": "seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "time_label": "22:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loy..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "segment_id": "seg-0019", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1468.78, "time_label": "23:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests. Okay? Does that make sense? All right? So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember. There are different groups. This is an oversimplification. And..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ] }, { "id": "love-and-reason", "heading": "Reason Without Love Can Reason Anything", "time_range": "30:18-53:26", "summary": "The lecture's core theological split arrives: Dante's love restrains reason, while Enlightenment reason becomes independent through Descartes, Goethe, and Kant.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0027", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048" ], "paragraphs": [ { "id": "love-and-reason-001", "text": "Dante says love is the light in us. The Enlightenment says reason is. That substitution is not small. Love requires relation, and relation restrains. Reason can operate alone. It can doubt alone, deduce alone, and justify alone. That is why the same faculty that liberates people can also reason its way into concentration camps, nuclear bombs, and genocide.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026" ], "marks": [ { "text": "Dante said love is what God gave us", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025" ], "lens_points": [ "lens-point:heart-restrains-reason-through-love" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." } ], "lens_points_detail": [ { "id": "lens-point:heart-restrains-reason-through-love", "valid": true, "concept": "human-heart", "title": null, "doc_title": "Human Heart As Civilizational Measure", "doc_slug": "lens/human-heart-as-civilizational-measure", "url": "/lens/human-heart-as-civilizational-measure/#heart-restrains-reason-through-love", "text": "The heart restrains reason through love when relation, dependence, and connection keep intelligence from justifying whatever a solitary mind can deduce.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026" ] } ] }, { "text": "if you're capable of reasoning by yourself, you can reason anything", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025" ], "lens_points": [ "lens-point:heart-restrains-reason-through-love" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." } ], "lens_points_detail": [ { "id": "lens-point:heart-restrains-reason-through-love", "valid": true, "concept": "human-heart", "title": null, "doc_title": "Human Heart As Civilizational Measure", "doc_slug": "lens/human-heart-as-civilizational-measure", "url": "/lens/human-heart-as-civilizational-measure/#heart-restrains-reason-through-love", "text": "The heart restrains reason through love when relation, dependence, and connection keep intelligence from justifying whatever a solitary mind can deduce.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026" ] } ] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026", "segment_id": "seg-0026", "start": 1897.04, "end": 1977.83, "time_label": "31:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? So there's a huge difference between love and reason. And it's really important that the Enlightenment thinkers see reason as the central organizing principle of human society and not love. Okay? So I just want yo..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "love-and-reason-002", "text": "Descartes supplies the method. Do not trust authority because authority said so. Demolish inherited belief, withdraw into the self, and test everything through doubt. The famous formula becomes sharper in this reading: not simply 'I think, therefore I am,' but 'I doubt, therefore I am.' Doubt is the soul's proof of itself.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0027", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035" ], "marks": [ { "text": "I doubt. Therefore, I am.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "segment_id": "seg-0032", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2299.69, "time_label": "37:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I don't. It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. So what do I know to be..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "the idea of reason is the most powerful force in the world", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "segment_id": "seg-0035", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2442.86, "time_label": "39:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Right. God is perfect. Therefore, I know God is good. God is good. Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0027", "segment_id": "seg-0027", "start": 1978.71, "end": 2043.293, "time_label": "32:58", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? And these salons were places for the leading intellectuals of the time to come and debate ideas. Right? So these were the leading women of that time. All right. So there were, there are lots and lots of Enlightenm..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "segment_id": "seg-0028", "start": 2043.293, "end": 2104.78, "time_label": "34:03", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And he wrote a book called Meditations on the First Philosophy. This is a really, really important book in development of Western civilization. We will be referring to this book quite often for the rest of the semester...." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "segment_id": "seg-0029", "start": 2104.78, "end": 2160.11, "time_label": "35:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "life, the whole structure would have to be utterly demolished and that I would have to begin again from the bottom up if I wish to construct something lasting and unshakable in the sciences. And what he's saying here is..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "segment_id": "seg-0030", "start": 2160.11, "end": 2208.91, "time_label": "36:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this is the idea of enlightenment. All right. And this is the idea of education. You know, when we try to teach you critical thinking skills, this is what we're trying to do. Okay. Trying to get you to question thin..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031", "segment_id": "seg-0031", "start": 2208.91, "end": 2270.1, "time_label": "36:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "has come and so today I have discharged my mind from all its cares and I've carved out a space of untroubled leisure. I've withdrawn into seclusion and shall at last be able to devote myself seriously without encumbranc..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "segment_id": "seg-0032", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2299.69, "time_label": "37:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I don't. It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. So what do I know to be..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "segment_id": "seg-0034", "start": 2304.55, "end": 2371.18, "time_label": "38:24", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The thing that I know to be absolutely true is my capacity to doubt. And that is who I am. Therefore, I exist. And so the capacity to doubt is my soul. Right. Now, how do I know that God exists? Well, if God didn't exis..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "segment_id": "seg-0035", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2442.86, "time_label": "39:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Right. God is perfect. Therefore, I know God is good. God is good. Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "love-and-reason-003", "text": "Goethe warms the same revolution. Job's God terrifies humans out of questioning. Faust's God loves curiosity. The danger is not ordinary sin but complacency, the moment when striving stops. Faust can do stupid things and still be saved because the deeper faith is curiosity itself: keep searching, keep growing, keep refusing the final satisfied moment.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0036", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0039", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047" ], "marks": [ { "text": "to be curious and that's how we show our faith in God", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "segment_id": "seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "time_label": "45:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. And Mephist..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "God will always protect us, no matter how many stupid things we do", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest w..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0036", "segment_id": "seg-0036", "start": 2442.92, "end": 2506.06, "time_label": "40:42", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay. And so Faust the book of Faust it's based on another book called the book of Job which we find in the Bible. In the book of Job it's about this very pious individual who is very faithful to God. Okay. He's very we..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "segment_id": "seg-0037", "start": 2506.22, "end": 2566.71, "time_label": "41:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "You take away his children. And he will curse you. And God says fine. I make you this bet. You can do anything you you can do anything you want to him. But you must not kill him. Okay. That's the only condition. So Sata..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "segment_id": "seg-0038", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2631.82, "time_label": "42:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Do not ever believe you can question me. Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and wealth. Okay. So it's a very strange story. And it's one that is meant to inspire fear among people. And so what God..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0039", "segment_id": "seg-0039", "start": 2631.82, "end": 2689.25, "time_label": "43:51", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "God you know what the worst thing you ever did was allow humans the capacity to reason. Because you're idiots. You're stupid. If you're stupid and you can reason all it does is confuse you and make you unhappy. And then..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040", "segment_id": "seg-0040", "start": 2689.51, "end": 2750.97, "time_label": "44:49", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is Mephistopheles saying to God their lives will be a little easier if you not let them glimpse the light of heaven. They call it reason and employ it only to be more bestial than any beast. Okay. What's important..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "segment_id": "seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "time_label": "45:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. And Mephist..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "segment_id": "seg-0045", "start": 3001.33, "end": 3062.335, "time_label": "50:01", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But because he's seeking pride in this moment, he's now lost a bet to Mephistopheles, right? He's now become complacent. He wants to live in the moment. You can't do that. Yes, I've surrendered to this thought's insiste..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "segment_id": "seg-0046", "start": 3062.335, "end": 3142.5, "time_label": "51:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In this moment, when he feels he's contributed to development of society, he feels at peace. He feels fulfilled, okay? And so, the irony is that at this moment, when he's most fulfilled, he's at peace. He should not be..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest w..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "start": 1818, "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026", "segment_id": "seg-0026", "start": 1897.04, "end": 1977.83, "time_label": "31:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? So there's a huge difference between love and reason. And it's really important that the Enlightenment thinkers see reason as the central organizing principle of human society and not love. Okay? So I just want yo..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0027", "segment_id": "seg-0027", "start": 1978.71, "end": 2043.293, "time_label": "32:58", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? And these salons were places for the leading intellectuals of the time to come and debate ideas. Right? So these were the leading women of that time. All right. So there were, there are lots and lots of Enlightenm..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "segment_id": "seg-0032", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2299.69, "time_label": "37:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I don't. It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. So what do I know to be..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "segment_id": "seg-0035", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2442.86, "time_label": "39:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Right. God is perfect. Therefore, I know God is good. God is good. Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "segment_id": "seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "time_label": "45:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. And Mephist..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest w..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." } ] }, { "id": "public-reason-and-education", "heading": "Freedom, Schooling, And The Savage Child", "time_range": "53:26-01:09:44", "summary": "Kant turns reason into public freedom; Rousseau turns education against school, obedience, and premature civilization.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063" ], "paragraphs": [ { "id": "public-reason-and-education-001", "text": "Kant's answer to dependence is public reason. People are lazy and afraid, but a public can enlighten itself if it is free to argue. Censorship is therefore not merely political control. It denies the human capacity to judge. An older generation has no right to freeze the next one in its doctrines because progress depends on the younger generation's power to negate the old.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0049", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0050", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055" ], "marks": [ { "text": "the public use of one's reason must be free at all times", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "segment_id": "seg-0051", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3443.48, "time_label": "56:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress if there's a debate if everyone is able to hear different opinions then society will always be able to hear different opinions if there's a debate almost..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "a new generation's capacity to question and negate previous generations ideas", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0049", "segment_id": "seg-0049", "start": 3267.78, "end": 3324, "time_label": "54:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "notes rather than to actually read this text for yourself and understand them yourself, that's why you rely on me, okay? What well... But if you don't ever rely on yourself, you going to be free to think. It doesn't mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0050", "segment_id": "seg-0050", "start": 3324, "end": 3383.39, "time_label": "55:24", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "try it okay so everyone can do it but only a few can do it so what's the solution to this problem the solution is free and open debate does that make sense if you're able to access information you're able to access diff..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "segment_id": "seg-0051", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3443.48, "time_label": "56:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress if there's a debate if everyone is able to hear different opinions then society will always be able to hear different opinions if there's a debate almost..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "segment_id": "seg-0052", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3503.61, "time_label": "57:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and for the capacity to j..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "segment_id": "seg-0054", "start": 3572.48, "end": 3634.88, "time_label": "59:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "development in European countries so I have something different in theff I tell the different simplify I try toарищ a traditional statement to show a personal есть the world as a citizen dedicated to the progress of hum..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "public-reason-and-education-002", "text": "Rousseau then radicalizes education. If reason is not yet developed, formal schooling does not enlighten the child; it deforms the child. Before twelve, let the child play. Negative education protects the heart and body without forcing abstractions. This is where childhood becomes an idea: the child should not be processed too early by adult systems.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060" ], "marks": [ { "text": "by doing nothing to begin with you would end with a project of education", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "segment_id": "seg-0056", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3757.96, "time_label": "1:01:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want to spend too much time on him..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "segment_id": "seg-0057", "start": 3757.96, "end": 3821.11, "time_label": "1:02:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "faculties have developed for while it is blind it cannot see the torch you offer it nor can it follow through the vast expanse of ideas of paths so faintly traced by reason that eyes can scarcely follow it okay so what..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "segment_id": "seg-0060", "start": 3940.97, "end": 3994.47, "time_label": "1:05:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "also believe very heavily in this idea i'm not i don't want to send my kids to school before age 12 possibly even age 16. okay i don't i work in a school so i don't really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "public-reason-and-education-003", "text": "The contrast is savage and peasant. The peasant obeys and repeats. The savage must reason at every step because no prescribed task or superior saves him from consequence. Education should make explorers, not obedient habit-machines. That is why the attack on school becomes so direct: schools are built first to control children, to make adult life manageable, and only secondarily to educate.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063" ], "marks": [ { "text": "let the child be a savage and not a peasant", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062" ], "lens_points": [ "lens-point:rival-education-makes-worldly-resilience" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "segment_id": "seg-0062", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4113.12, "time_label": "1:07:35", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to educate your child well then le..." } ], "lens_points_detail": [ { "id": "lens-point:rival-education-makes-worldly-resilience", "valid": true, "concept": "education-soul-game", "title": null, "doc_title": "Education As A Soul Game", "doc_slug": "lens/education-as-a-soul-game", "url": "/lens/education-as-a-soul-game/#rival-education-makes-worldly-resilience", "text": "Rival education makes worldly resilience when it trains perception, bodily competence, problem solving, independence, and consequence-facing judgment instead of only obedience, memorization, tests, and institutional legibility.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "video:predictive-history-7k5xolzwmls@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "video:predictive-history-7k5xolzwmls@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "video:predictive-history-7k5xolzwmls@transcript:v1#seg-0039" ] } ] }, { "text": "schools are first and foremost designed to control children", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "segment_id": "seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "time_label": "1:08:33", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "segment_id": "seg-0060", "start": 3940.97, "end": 3994.47, "time_label": "1:05:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "also believe very heavily in this idea i'm not i don't want to send my kids to school before age 12 possibly even age 16. okay i don't i work in a school so i don't really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "segment_id": "seg-0061", "start": 3994.47, "end": 4055.42, "time_label": "1:06:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "keen senses but for great subtlety of mind savages are really smart peasants are really dull why generally speaking there is nothing duller than a peasant or sharper than a savage what is the cause of this difference th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "segment_id": "seg-0062", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4113.12, "time_label": "1:07:35", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to educate your child well then le..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "segment_id": "seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "time_label": "1:08:33", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "start": 3206, "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "segment_id": "seg-0051", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3443.48, "time_label": "56:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress if there's a debate if everyone is able to hear different opinions then society will always be able to hear different opinions if there's a debate almost..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "segment_id": "seg-0052", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3503.61, "time_label": "57:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and for the capacity to j..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "segment_id": "seg-0056", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3757.96, "time_label": "1:01:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want to spend too much time on him..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "segment_id": "seg-0057", "start": 3757.96, "end": 3821.11, "time_label": "1:02:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "faculties have developed for while it is blind it cannot see the torch you offer it nor can it follow through the vast expanse of ideas of paths so faintly traced by reason that eyes can scarcely follow it okay so what..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "segment_id": "seg-0061", "start": 3994.47, "end": 4055.42, "time_label": "1:06:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "keen senses but for great subtlety of mind savages are really smart peasants are really dull why generally speaking there is nothing duller than a peasant or sharper than a savage what is the cause of this difference th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "segment_id": "seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "time_label": "1:08:33", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love..." } ] }, { "id": "general-will-civil-religion", "heading": "The General Will Becomes The Nation", "time_range": "01:09:44-01:28:11", "summary": "Rousseau moves from private property to the general will, measurement, civil religion, and the nationalist transfer of religious sacrifice.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "paragraphs": [ { "id": "general-will-civil-religion-001", "text": "Private property begins civil society by getting others to believe a piece of earth can be mine. From that mistake follow inequality, patriarchy, and war. The Social Contract then asks whether society can be built from general principles instead of inherited chains. The opening sentence is the whole problem: man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066" ], "marks": [ { "text": "private property... inequality patriarchy war", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "segment_id": "seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "time_label": "1:10:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "man is born free and everywhere he is in chains", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "segment_id": "seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "time_label": "1:11:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the peopl..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "segment_id": "seg-0064", "start": 4184.02, "end": 4240.72, "time_label": "1:09:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "have a major impact on the french revolution and enlightenment okay it's an idea of private property where does private property come from the first man who having closed a piece of ground he thought himself of saying t..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "segment_id": "seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "time_label": "1:10:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "segment_id": "seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "time_label": "1:11:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the peopl..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "general-will-civil-religion-002", "text": "The general will is the will of common interest; the particular will is the will of group interest. The French Revolution believes people can reason toward the general will. The American Revolution, in this account, refuses that optimism. This is the major divergence: France trusts reason's common conclusion; America distrusts it.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069" ], "marks": [ { "text": "The French Revolution, it is fundamentally idealistic", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "The American Revolution refuses to believe this", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "segment_id": "seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "time_label": "1:15:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "segment_id": "seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "time_label": "1:13:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we bel..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "segment_id": "seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "time_label": "1:15:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "general-will-civil-religion-003", "text": "Reason then becomes measurement. If government can be deduced from principles, it can also be counted. Population growth becomes evidence of good rule. Progress becomes calculators, count, measure, compare. The metric system is not a technical footnote; it is revolutionary metaphysics made into units.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072" ], "marks": [ { "text": "Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "segment_id": "seg-0070", "start": 4566.562, "end": 4625.83, "time_label": "1:16:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So if you only think about the common interest, everyone would come to the same conclusion about everything. Okay? If the general will is to emerge clearly, it's important that there should be no partial society within..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072", "segment_id": "seg-0072", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4749.54, "time_label": "1:18:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They are? Can you guess? These two countries are the countries that are most, that were most against the French Revolution. These countries are? America and Britain, okay? Yeah, it's true. In China we use Celsius, right..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "id": "general-will-civil-religion-004", "text": "Finally, reason founds a civil religion. The state rejects Christian politics, separates church and state, and builds a simple reason-based creed. But this does not abolish religion's power. It moves it. Religion is land, family, tradition, food, habit, all the things people know and love. The French Revolution transplants that force into the nation. People do not only die for religion now. They die for national ideas too.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "marks": [ { "text": "a new religion a state religion that is based on reason", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074" ], "lens_points": [ "lens-point:reason-replacement-religion-atlas" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." } ], "lens_points_detail": [ { "id": "lens-point:reason-replacement-religion-atlas", "valid": true, "concept": "atlas-relation", "title": null, "doc_title": "Jiang Lens Atlas", "doc_slug": "lens", "url": "/lens/#reason-replacement-religion-atlas", "text": "Reason becomes a replacement religion when a society claims to move beyond church and priest while preserving religion's truth-making, civil dogma, sacrifice, salvation, and mythic-action functions through reason, debate, progress, utility, revolution, nation, economics, science, materialism, or technocratic systems.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-eneet-0j-y8@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-zprecjhuous@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "video:predictive-history-zprecjhuous@transcript:v1#seg-0117" ] } ] }, { "text": "religion is really a metaphor for all these things that people understand and know and love", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "text": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078" ], "lens_points": [ "lens-point:reason-replacement-religion-atlas" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." } ], "lens_points_detail": [ { "id": "lens-point:reason-replacement-religion-atlas", "valid": true, "concept": "atlas-relation", "title": null, "doc_title": "Jiang Lens Atlas", "doc_slug": "lens", "url": "/lens/#reason-replacement-religion-atlas", "text": "Reason becomes a replacement religion when a society claims to move beyond church and priest while preserving religion's truth-making, civil dogma, sacrifice, salvation, and mythic-action functions through reason, debate, progress, utility, revolution, nation, economics, science, materialism, or technocratic systems.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-eneet-0j-y8@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "video:predictive-history-m24lnq-ksjk@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-zprecjhuous@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "video:predictive-history-zprecjhuous@transcript:v1#seg-0117" ] } ] } ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "segment_id": "seg-0073", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4806.02, "time_label": "1:19:09", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of church and state which become..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "segment_id": "seg-0076", "start": 4952.37, "end": 5011.69, "time_label": "1:22:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is true for most people. If you grew up eating, I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes. You want to eat rice. So what this tells us is that people are, first and foremost, people of habit. Does that mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "segment_id": "seg-0079", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5239.58, "time_label": "1:26:10", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This system doesn't really work. Right? Because you have reason. And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God. So you don't really need priests. Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "start": 4184, "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "segment_id": "seg-0064", "start": 4184.02, "end": 4240.72, "time_label": "1:09:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "have a major impact on the french revolution and enlightenment okay it's an idea of private property where does private property come from the first man who having closed a piece of ground he thought himself of saying t..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "segment_id": "seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "time_label": "1:10:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "segment_id": "seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "time_label": "1:11:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the peopl..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "segment_id": "seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "time_label": "1:13:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we bel..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "segment_id": "seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "time_label": "1:15:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "segment_id": "seg-0070", "start": 4566.562, "end": 4625.83, "time_label": "1:16:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So if you only think about the common interest, everyone would come to the same conclusion about everything. Okay? If the general will is to emerge clearly, it's important that there should be no partial society within..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "segment_id": "seg-0073", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4806.02, "time_label": "1:19:09", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of church and state which become..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're..." } ] } ], "questions": [ { "id": "q-peasant-religion-loyalty", "question": "Why are peasants so loyal to the religion?", "asker": "student", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "answer_refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "answer": "Religion becomes habit over centuries. It is tied to land, family, tradition, culture, food, and the feelings that make home feel good.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "segment_id": "seg-0076", "start": 4952.37, "end": 5011.69, "time_label": "1:22:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is true for most people. If you grew up eating, I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes. You want to eat rice. So what this tells us is that people are, first and foremost, people of habit. Does that mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." } ], "answer_paragraphs": [ { "text": "Religion becomes habit over centuries. It is tied to land, family, tradition, culture, food, and the feelings that make home feel good.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "segment_id": "seg-0076", "start": 4952.37, "end": 5011.69, "time_label": "1:22:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is true for most people. If you grew up eating, I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes. You want to eat rice. So what this tells us is that people are, first and foremost, people of habit. Does that mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [], "marks": [] } ] }, { "id": "q-religion-based-on-reason", "question": "How can a religion be based on reason?", "asker": "student", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "answer_refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "answer": "The Enlightenment answer is that humans can access God through reason without priests and deduce basic civil religious dogmas from first principles.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "segment_id": "seg-0079", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5239.58, "time_label": "1:26:10", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This system doesn't really work. Right? Because you have reason. And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God. So you don't really need priests. Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're..." } ], "answer_paragraphs": [ { "text": "The Enlightenment answer is that humans can access God through reason without priests and deduce basic civil religious dogmas from first principles.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "segment_id": "seg-0079", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5239.58, "time_label": "1:26:10", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This system doesn't really work. Right? Because you have reason. And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God. So you don't really need priests. Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? 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Okay, so let me very quickly explain its significance. So as I keep on mentioning in this class, it is the religious worldview that underpins society and civilization. It is what allows society to function. And to over simplify, there've been four major religious worldviews in human history. Okay, so let's go over them briefly. The first is what we call the animistic, and this is basically during the Ice Age when we were hunter -gatherers and we were just roaming the earth. And there are three major key words that underlieising. When we think about the early 90s, when we think about charges against poverty and this worldview balance harmony and oneness we did not believe that we were different from the plants the animals that lived on this planet we were one with them", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-001", "start": 0, "end": 5.28, "text": "So today we start a three -part series on the French Revolution,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-002", "start": 5.76, "end": 11.12, "text": "which I believe to be the most significant event in human history.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-003", "start": 11.67, "end": 15.59, "text": "Okay, so let me very quickly explain its significance.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-004", "start": 15.93, "end": 20.25, "text": "So as I keep on mentioning in this class,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-005", "start": 20.69, "end": 26.07, "text": "it is the religious worldview that underpins society and civilization.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-006", "start": 26.55, "end": 28.73, "text": "It is what allows society to function.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-007", "start": 29.51, "end": 37.05, "text": "And to over simplify, there've been four major religious worldviews in human", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-008", "start": 37.05, "end": 40.25, "text": "history. Okay, so let's go over them briefly.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-009", "start": 40.57, "end": 42.61, "text": "The first is what we call the animistic,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-010", "start": 42.77, "end": 48.47, "text": "and this is basically during the Ice Age when we were hunter", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-011", "start": 48.47, "end": 51.77, "text": "-gatherers and we were just roaming the earth.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-012", "start": 52.01, "end": 57.73, "text": "And there are three major key words that underlieising.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-013", "start": 57.73, "end": 58.07, "text": "When we think about the early 90s,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-014", "start": 58.07, "end": 62.11, "text": "when we think about charges against poverty and this worldview balance harmony", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-015", "start": 63.1, "end": 74.8, "text": "and oneness we did not believe that we were different from the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-016", "start": 74.8, "end": 81.98, "text": "plants the animals that lived on this planet we were one with", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0001-chunk-017", "start": 81.98, "end": 82.16, "text": "them", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "a124159dde647756fc2852e846875f2df1a359834c56de015ab08c2c8f97f13e", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0001", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=0s", "time_label": "0:00", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0002", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "start": 82.16, "end": 165.73, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "we were interconnected with them we didn't fear death because life and death were part of the same continuous cycle okay so this is the idea of the animistic worldview from then we moved on to the polytheistic polytheistic many gods and the three main ideas that underpin the polytheistic worldview are action ritual and fate no one not even the gods can escape their fate our fate has been preordained what courage is is the willingness to embrace with with honor and with dignity your fate so think of hector as he is about to battle achilles he knows he is going to get killed and he's afraid he shakes but he still confronts his fate and he dies and that's what's expected of you in the viking world in the greek world in the roman world in the roman world to face your death with honor and dignity to live your life with courage action but in a", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-001", "start": 82.16, "end": 86.74, "text": "we were interconnected with them we didn't fear death because life and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-002", "start": 86.74, "end": 92.2, "text": "death were part of the same continuous cycle okay so this is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-003", "start": 92.2, "end": 98.34, "text": "the idea of the animistic worldview from then we moved on to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-004", "start": 98.34, "end": 108.49, "text": "the polytheistic polytheistic many gods and the three main ideas that underpin", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-005", "start": 108.79, "end": 124.02, "text": "the polytheistic worldview are action ritual and fate no one not even", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-006", "start": 124.02, "end": 131.14, "text": "the gods can escape their fate our fate has been preordained what", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-007", "start": 131.27, "end": 138.67, "text": "courage is is the willingness to embrace with with honor and with", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0002-chunk-008", "start": 138.67, "end": 143.33, "text": "dignity your fate so think of hector as he is about to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": 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"/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0002", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=82s", "time_label": "1:22", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0003", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "start": 165.73, "end": 242.53, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "ritualized manner okay in a way that the community expects of you and to embrace your fate no matter what it is okay that is the polytheistic worldview this then this uh leads us to the monotheistic worldview the monotheistic okay so the monotheistic are the jews the christians and the muslims the three major ideas that are under the underpin the monotheistic worldview are faith orthodoxy and truth there is an eternal truth called god we must have faith in him and faith and truth are expressed through orthodoxy there is a set of beliefs that you cannot question that you must believe and you must live your life according to this orthodoxy okay so these are these are three major ideas underlying monotheistic now we move to the modern period okay another word that we can use for modern is uh diaz okay diaz you may have heard of this but the idea of diaz is that there", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-001", "start": 165.73, "end": 170.05, "text": "ritualized manner okay in a way that the community expects of you", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-002", "start": 170.45, "end": 173.23, "text": "and to embrace your fate no matter what it is okay that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-003", "start": 173.23, "end": 177.91, "text": "is the polytheistic worldview this then this uh leads us to the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-004", "start": 177.91, "end": 183.9, "text": "monotheistic worldview the monotheistic okay so the monotheistic are the jews the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-005", "start": 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major ideas underlying monotheistic now we move to the modern period", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-012", "start": 230.59, "end": 236.13, "text": "okay another word that we can use for modern is uh diaz", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-013", "start": 236.13, "end": 240.93, "text": "okay diaz you may have heard of this but the idea of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0003-chunk-014", "start": 240.93, "end": 242.53, "text": "diaz is that there", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "e34b7537e51835ef0a9e99cab2f5f818e89b9e539d28941d82487905bc26bffa", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0003", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=165s", "time_label": "2:45", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0004", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect our lives according to these laws okay so let's say you have diaz this is important because diaz is the founding religion of both the american as well as the french revolutions all right and there are three major beliefs that underpin diaz the first is reason okay so rather than faith we have to use our reason because that's the gift that god gave us before he left we are able to using logic using intuition using skepticism to understand how the world works okay reason all right but reason by itself is not enough you have to engage in debate in order to fully use our reason you may not able to reason out for", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0004-chunk-001", "start": 242.53, "end": 248.79, "text": "is a god god created the universe but then he 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reason out for", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "c71cf6d52e34ace73f3ac0e7a2d389031f7efee012043bf41e787589424a0020", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0004", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=242s", "time_label": "4:02", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0005", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "start": 314.98, "end": 390.14, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "yourself the truth but you have to make But in the debate, you're able to hear out the truth, okay? And if we do this, if we continue to exercise our reason, if we continue to engage in debate, what is often called the marketplace of ideas, this will lead to the idea of progress, okay? So what's happened is that the modern period is responding to the Christian period by replacing faith with reason, orthodoxy with debate, and truth with progress, okay? And these three ideas, reason, debate, and progress, are the foundations of the period we live in today called the modern period. It is about these three ideas are the foundations of our school system, for our universities, for our scientific institutions, okay? Does that make sense? All right, now having gone through these four different periods, I want to do some analysis, okay? The first analysis is to explain to you how these changes manifested themselves.", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-001", "start": 314.98, "end": 317.82, "text": "yourself the truth but you have to make But in the debate,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-002", "start": 318.34, "end": 320.86, "text": "you're able to hear out the truth,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-003", "start": 321.08, "end": 324.5, "text": "okay? And if we do this,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-004", "start": 324.52, "end": 326.86, "text": "if we continue to exercise our reason,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-005", "start": 327.08, "end": 328.76, "text": "if we continue to engage in debate,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-006", "start": 329.1, "end": 332.16, "text": "what is often called the marketplace of ideas,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-007", "start": 332.84, "end": 336.04, "text": "this will lead to the idea of progress,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-008", "start": 336.46, "end": 344.06, "text": "okay? So what's happened is that the modern period is responding to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-009", "start": 344.06, "end": 349.82, "text": "the Christian period by replacing faith with reason,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-010", "start": 349.92, "end": 352.78, "text": "orthodoxy with debate, and truth with progress,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-011", "start": 353.14, "end": 355, "text": "okay? And these three ideas,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-012", "start": 355.22, "end": 361.56, "text": "reason, debate, and progress, are the foundations of the period we live", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-013", "start": 361.56, "end": 363.16, "text": "in today called the modern period.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-014", "start": 364.06, "end": 368.04, "text": "It is about these three ideas are the foundations of our school", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-015", "start": 368.04, "end": 373.46, "text": "system, for our universities, for our scientific institutions,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-016", "start": 373.74, "end": 374.68, "text": "okay? Does that make sense?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-017", "start": 375.14, "end": 378.58, "text": "All right, now having gone through these four different periods,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-018", "start": 378.82, "end": 380.88, "text": "I want to do some analysis,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-019", "start": 381.2, "end": 388.06, "text": "okay? The first analysis is to explain to you how these changes", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0005-chunk-020", "start": 388.06, "end": 390.14, "text": "manifested themselves.", "word_count": 2 } ], "text_sha256": "cedc251f41c6a0244cd13a9f96164205e14667c245e7d81ca455ee228577d894", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0005", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=314s", "time_label": "5:14", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0006", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0006", "start": 391.04, "end": 466.64, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "So the animistic period is the most natural. It's what makes the most sense. Quite honestly, if animals had a religion, it would probably be an animistic religion, okay? So how do we transition from the animistic to apotheistic? Well, the main reason is because of civilization, okay? Because of mass society, civilization. Because we chose to settle down and learn agriculture and develop religious systems, all right? And with that comes war, comes hierarchy, comes inequality. And as such, we develop the polytheistic worldview, all right? From the polytheistic worldview, we then transition into the monotheistic worldview, why? Because of Christianity, all right? Christianity. Remember, you're usually taught that Christianity is, oh, Jesus dies and then everyone becomes a Christian. That's not what happened, okay? As you learn in this class, Christianity was a mechanism developed by the Roman Empire in order to assimilate the Jews and then later on to assimilate barbarians who were economic migrants, into the Roman Empire.", "word_count": 162, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-001", "start": 391.04, "end": 394.88, "text": "So the animistic period is the most natural.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-002", "start": 395.08, "end": 396.9, "text": "It's what makes the most sense.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-003", "start": 397.28, "end": 399.02, "text": "Quite honestly, if animals had a religion,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-004", "start": 399.16, "end": 400.44, "text": "it would probably be an animistic religion,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-005", "start": 400.64, "end": 404.46, "text": "okay? So how do we transition from the animistic to apotheistic?", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-006", "start": 404.46, "end": 408.02, "text": "Well, the main reason is because of civilization,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-007", "start": 408.38, "end": 410.54, "text": "okay? Because of mass society,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-008", "start": 410.7, "end": 416.98, "text": "civilization. Because we chose to settle down and learn agriculture and develop", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-009", "start": 416.98, "end": 419.33, "text": "religious systems, all right?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-010", "start": 419.39, "end": 421.13, "text": "And with that comes war,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-011", "start": 421.39, "end": 423.75, "text": "comes hierarchy, comes inequality.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-012", "start": 424.85, "end": 427.55, "text": "And as such, we develop the polytheistic worldview,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-013", "start": 427.81, "end": 428.27, "text": "all right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-014", "start": 429.2, "end": 433.72, "text": "From the polytheistic worldview, we then transition into the monotheistic worldview,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-015", "start": 433.92, "end": 437.76, "text": "why? Because of Christianity, all right?", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-016", "start": 437.82, "end": 445.14, "text": "Christianity. Remember, you're usually taught that Christianity is,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-017", "start": 445.96, "end": 449.42, "text": "oh, Jesus dies and then everyone becomes a Christian.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-018", "start": 449.86, "end": 451.34, "text": "That's not what happened, okay?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-019", "start": 451.62, "end": 452.52, "text": "As you learn in this class,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-020", "start": 452.86, "end": 456.88, "text": "Christianity was a mechanism developed by the Roman Empire in order to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-021", "start": 456.88, "end": 464.1, "text": "assimilate the Jews and then later on to assimilate barbarians who were", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-022", "start": 464.1, "end": 466.18, "text": "economic migrants, into the", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0006-chunk-023", "start": 466.18, "end": 466.64, "text": "Roman Empire.", "word_count": 2 } ], "text_sha256": "a88d08d0b61a6b37d2ce9b98980f236d131acadd65b92d7a8abc68b9cf80edbd", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0006", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=391s", "time_label": "6:31", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0007", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "start": 466.92, "end": 542.9, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire, okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism, the Christian period, into modernism, all right? And this turning point, which is the most radical turning point in human history, is what we call the French Revolution. Without the French Revolution, modernity could not happen, all right? And what's amazing about the French Revolution is, it is entirely unprecedented. We've never had anything like this before. It was entirely unpredictable. It was unique in human history, all right? So we will start the next three classes to understand how the French Revolution happened, because without understanding the French Revolution, you cannot understand future events, especially communism, the rise of communism, World War I, World War II. None of these things would have been possible without the French Revolution, okay? All right, so another thing that's really important for us to understand is that all four worldviews still exist today, all right?", "word_count": 163, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-001", "start": 466.92, "end": 469.9, "text": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-002", "start": 470.06, "end": 475.13, "text": "okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-003", "start": 475.29, "end": 477.19, "text": "the Christian period, into modernism,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-004", "start": 477.27, "end": 477.59, "text": "all right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-005", "start": 477.69, "end": 482.31, "text": "And this turning point, which is the most radical turning point in", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-006", "start": 482.31, "end": 485.15, "text": "human history, is what we call the French Revolution.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-007", "start": 487.68, "end": 492.32, "text": "Without the French Revolution, modernity could not happen,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-008", "start": 493.37, "end": 494.37, "text": "all right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-009", "start": 494.39, "end": 497.55, "text": "And what's amazing about the French Revolution is,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-010", "start": 497.55, "end": 500.31, "text": "it is entirely unprecedented.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-011", "start": 500.81, "end": 502.95, "text": "We've never had anything like this before.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-012", "start": 503.7, "end": 505.23, "text": "It was entirely unpredictable.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-013", "start": 506.78, "end": 508.63, "text": "It was unique in human history,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-014", "start": 508.83, "end": 509.86, "text": "all right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-015", "start": 509.96, "end": 514.14, "text": "So we will start the next three classes to understand how the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-016", "start": 514.14, "end": 518.36, "text": "French Revolution happened, because without understanding the French Revolution,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-017", "start": 518.7, "end": 520.92, "text": "you cannot understand future events,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-018", "start": 522.12, "end": 524.18, "text": "especially communism, the rise of communism,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-019", "start": 524.54, "end": 525.92, "text": "World War I, World War II.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-020", "start": 526.08, "end": 529.16, "text": "None of these things would have been possible without the French Revolution,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-021", "start": 529.56, "end": 535.7, "text": "okay? All right, so another thing that's really important for us to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-022", "start": 535.7, "end": 539.94, "text": "understand is that all four worldviews", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0007-chunk-023", "start": 539.94, "end": 542.9, "text": "still exist today, all right?", "word_count": 5 } ], "text_sha256": "bdcc62f12d9f7aedc22ad0c4bae39cea8f153227695d57fecb06004a50dd022b", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0007", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=466s", "time_label": "7:46", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0008", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008", "start": 542.94, "end": 626.91, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "There are still people who believe in animism, polytheism, okay, but they're the minority. The dominant people are still the monotheists, okay? And they're in competition with the modernists, okay, who are the anarchists, okay? The educated elite, okay? So this conflict is still going on today. The other thing that's really important for us to understand is none of these beliefs is inherently superior to the other, okay? You cannot make the argument to me, at least, that one is better than the other. But new systems believe they are superior to the other, okay? To the previous. The polytheists believe they are superior to the animists. The monotheists think they are superior to the polytheists. And the deists think they are superior to the monotheists. Okay? And because of this sense of superiority, they try to crush previous worldviews, okay? So these four worldviews are not in competition with each other. But the new ones seek to displace the old ones.", "word_count": 163, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-001", "start": 542.94, "end": 546.64, "text": "There are still people who believe in animism,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-002", "start": 547.22, "end": 548.92, "text": "polytheism, okay, but they're the minority.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-003", "start": 549.36, "end": 551.8, "text": "The dominant people are still the monotheists,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-004", "start": 551.88, "end": 555.64, "text": "okay? And they're in competition with the modernists,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-005", "start": 555.68, "end": 559.06, "text": "okay, who are the anarchists,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-006", "start": 559.06, "end": 560.38, "text": "okay? The educated elite, okay?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-007", "start": 561.32, "end": 564.26, "text": "So this conflict is still going on today.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-008", "start": 564.74, "end": 569.4, "text": "The other thing that's really important for us to understand is none", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-009", "start": 570.46, "end": 574.38, "text": "of these beliefs is inherently superior to the other,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-010", "start": 574.6, "end": 578.16, "text": "okay? You cannot make the argument to me,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-011", "start": 578.32, "end": 581.2, "text": "at least, that one is better than the other.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-012", "start": 582.92, "end": 589.78, "text": "But new systems believe they are superior to the other,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-013", "start": 589.86, "end": 591.12, "text": "okay? To the previous.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-014", "start": 591.96, "end": 595.22, "text": "The polytheists believe they are superior to the animists.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-015", "start": 596.3, "end": 599.48, "text": "The monotheists think they are superior to the polytheists.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-016", "start": 599.58, "end": 603.42, "text": "And the deists think they are superior to the monotheists.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-017", "start": 604.7, "end": 608.3, "text": "Okay? And because of this sense of superiority,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-018", "start": 612.2, "end": 618.2, "text": "they try to crush previous worldviews,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-019", "start": 618.2, "end": 622.48, "text": "okay? So these four worldviews are not in competition with each other.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-020", "start": 622.48, "end": 623.75, "text": "But the", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0008-chunk-021", "start": 623.75, "end": 626.91, "text": "new ones seek to displace the old ones.", "word_count": 8 } ], "text_sha256": "3a70b2ad67e77aa8b3a4a8310ebb9190e248d2ef0f3f5f820708c23d2c62ccae", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0008", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=542s", "time_label": "9:02", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0009", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All right, so now what I'm gonna do is explain the framework for the next three classes. Okay? My argument to you is the French Revolution was ultimately a religious crusade. That is the main thesis of this, of the next three classes. In each class, we will introduce different elements of this crusade that made it possible. For a crusade to happen, you need three different types of geniuses. You need the poet to envision the future. Okay? The poet. But then you need the prophet, who has the courage to take the people into this new land. And then you need the prince, or the conqueror, who has the conviction and the determination to physically conquer this new land and expand the revolution, okay?", "word_count": 167, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-001", "start": 627.01, "end": 632.87, "text": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-002", "start": 633.03, "end": 634.08, "text": "all right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-003", "start": 634.46, "end": 638.7, "text": "So this is the overall framework we are working with.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-004", "start": 639, "end": 640.84, "text": "I know it's a bit simple,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-005", "start": 641.14, "end": 643.72, "text": "but for the purpose of this class,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-006", "start": 643.96, "end": 645.68, "text": "it's good enough, okay?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-007", "start": 645.9, "end": 651.08, "text": "All right, so now what I'm gonna do is explain the framework", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-008", "start": 651.08, "end": 652.5, "text": "for the next three classes.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-009", "start": 652.64, "end": 659.13, "text": "Okay? My argument to you is the French Revolution was ultimately a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-010", "start": 659.13, "end": 660.39, "text": "religious crusade.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-011", "start": 666.17, "end": 670.4, "text": "That is the main thesis of this,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-012", "start": 670.52, "end": 671.9, "text": "of the next three classes.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-013", "start": 672.38, "end": 677.16, "text": "In each class, we will introduce different elements of this crusade that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-014", "start": 677.16, "end": 677.96, "text": "made it possible.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-015", "start": 678.77, "end": 680.13, "text": "For a crusade to happen,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-016", "start": 680.35, "end": 683.93, "text": "you need three different types of geniuses.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-017", "start": 684.37, "end": 688.63, "text": "You need the poet to envision the future.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-018", "start": 688.63, "end": 690.83, "text": "Okay? The poet.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-019", "start": 691.21, "end": 692.91, "text": "But then you need the prophet,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-020", "start": 693.31, "end": 697.67, "text": "who has the courage to take the people into this new land.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-021", "start": 698.36, "end": 700.14, "text": "And then you need the prince,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-022", "start": 700.34, "end": 702.76, "text": "or the conqueror, who has the", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-023", "start": 702.76, "end": 709.44, "text": "conviction and the determination to physically conquer this new land and expand", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0009-chunk-024", "start": 709.44, "end": 710.56, "text": "the revolution, okay?", "word_count": 3 } ], "text_sha256": "3bd753438e5d4dfab0e52c731e8a3801800e423ba5ed9feb4b8d562388d2e3dd", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0009", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=627s", "time_label": "10:27", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0010", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "start": 712.14, "end": 788.47, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "So the poet is Rousseau, Jean -Jacques Rousseau. He wrote the social contract. We will be focusing on Rousseau. We will be focusing on him, mainly today. Okay? He's the one who introduces the idea that it is possible to build a new world based entirely on reason itself. All right? That's Rousseau. Then you have the prophet. The prophet is the one who has the courage to lead the people into the new land, even though it may cost him his life. And this person, his name is Maximilien Robespierre. Okay? Maximilien Robespierre is, in my opinion, one of the most misunderstood and underrated individuals in human history. Next class, we'll focus on Robespierre. Without Robespierre, the French Revolution could not have succeeded. And then, now you need a prince, who will take the ideas of the prophet, and he will militarily expand, into the world, and conquer a new world, and build a new world.", "word_count": 157, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-001", "start": 712.14, "end": 716.66, "text": "So the poet is Rousseau,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-002", "start": 716.84, "end": 717.96, "text": "Jean -Jacques Rousseau.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-003", "start": 719.7, "end": 721.4, "text": "He wrote the social contract.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-004", "start": 721.58, "end": 722.2, "text": "We will be focusing on Rousseau.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-005", "start": 722.2, "end": 722.76, "text": "We will be focusing on him,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-006", "start": 722.84, "end": 723.62, "text": "mainly today.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-007", "start": 724.1, "end": 728.18, "text": "Okay? He's the one who introduces the idea that it is possible", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-008", "start": 728.18, "end": 732.62, "text": "to build a new world based entirely on reason itself.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-009", "start": 733.64, "end": 734.28, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-010", "start": 734.86, "end": 735.74, "text": "That's Rousseau.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-011", "start": 735.9, "end": 737.34, "text": "Then you have the prophet.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-012", "start": 737.98, "end": 741.56, "text": "The prophet is the one who has the courage to lead the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-013", "start": 741.56, "end": 743.58, "text": "people into the new land,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-014", "start": 743.78, "end": 745.5, "text": "even though it may cost him his life.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-015", "start": 745.62, "end": 749.26, "text": "And this person, his name is Maximilien Robespierre.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-016", "start": 749.87, "end": 754.89, "text": "Okay? Maximilien Robespierre is, in my opinion,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-017", "start": 755.81, "end": 764.14, "text": "one of the most misunderstood and underrated individuals in human history.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-018", "start": 767.66, "end": 770.12, "text": "Next class, we'll focus on Robespierre.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-019", "start": 770.88, "end": 773.88, "text": "Without Robespierre, the French Revolution could not have succeeded.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-020", "start": 774.46, "end": 776.18, "text": "And then, now you need a prince,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-021", "start": 777.41, "end": 781.39, "text": "who will take the ideas of the prophet,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-022", "start": 781.45, "end": 783.37, "text": "and he will militarily expand,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-023", "start": 783.37, "end": 783.79, "text": "into", "word_count": 1 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-024", "start": 783.79, "end": 787.57, "text": "the world, and conquer a new world,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0010-chunk-025", "start": 787.65, "end": 788.47, "text": "and build a new world.", "word_count": 5 } ], "text_sha256": "f22f9d651b88fb950bf51fd60e70ea7bedcb605bdb652110968be027ffa3c010", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0010", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=712s", "time_label": "11:52", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0011", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011", "start": 788.55, "end": 855.58, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "And this person's name, of course, is Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon. And this is the last class. All right? And my argument to you today is that, without the active cooperation of all three, if they're not able to build on each other's work, the French Revolution would not have succeeded. Because if you just look at the French Revolution, the odds were so high, they were so against the revolutionaries, right? They were not only against the aristocracy and their own people, they were up against the entire world. Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria. Everyone wanted to destroy the revolution before it threatened their nations. So the odds were completely against the French Revolution, but they succeeded. It was only because of the cooperation of these three particular types of geniuses. Rousseau, the poet, Robespierre, the prophet, and Napoleon, the prince. Okay? So that's what we'll be doing these next three classes.", "word_count": 151, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-001", "start": 788.55, "end": 789.73, "text": "And this person's name, of course,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-002", "start": 789.77, "end": 792.49, "text": "is Napoleon Bonaparte.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-003", "start": 794.39, "end": 797.26, "text": "Napoleon. And this is the last class.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-004", "start": 797.78, "end": 798.4, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-005", "start": 798.54, "end": 800.7, "text": "And my argument to you today is that,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-006", "start": 800.74, "end": 805.07, "text": "without the active cooperation of all three,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-007", "start": 805.99, "end": 807.83, "text": "if they're not able to build on each other's work,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-008", "start": 808.03, "end": 810.93, "text": "the French Revolution would not have succeeded.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-009", "start": 811.41, "end": 813.17, "text": "Because if you just look at the French Revolution,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-010", "start": 813.65, "end": 815.51, "text": "the odds were so high,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-011", "start": 815.61, "end": 817.67, "text": "they were so against the revolutionaries,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-012", "start": 817.73, "end": 821.79, "text": "right? They were not only against the aristocracy and their own people,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-013", "start": 822.43, "end": 824.39, "text": "they were up against the entire world.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-014", "start": 825.44, "end": 828.84, "text": "Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-015", "start": 829.5, "end": 837.34, "text": "Everyone wanted to destroy the revolution before it threatened their nations.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-016", "start": 838, "end": 840.24, "text": "So the odds were completely against the French Revolution,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-017", "start": 840.54, "end": 841.26, "text": "but they succeeded.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-018", "start": 841.44, "end": 845.42, "text": "It was only because of the cooperation of these three particular types", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-019", "start": 845.42, "end": 846.04, "text": "of geniuses.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-020", "start": 846.1, "end": 848.74, "text": "Rousseau, the poet, Robespierre, the prophet,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-021", "start": 848.96, "end": 852.06, "text": "and Napoleon, the prince.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-022", "start": 852.52, "end": 854.92, "text": "Okay? So that's what we'll be doing these", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0011-chunk-023", "start": 854.92, "end": 855.58, "text": "next three classes.", "word_count": 3 } ], "text_sha256": "f09886cd7512f0804f7689737b04fa1e8ecb50a53d085fa153a97b37540de333", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0011", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=788s", "time_label": "13:08", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0012", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "start": 855.9, "end": 945.72, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "All right. So, let's talk about the ideas that underpin the French Revolution. The Enlightenment. Okay? How did we get into the modern period where the ideas are now reason, debate, and progress? Okay. So let's go back to Dante. Dante's Divine Comedy is a prophecy. It is a new understanding of the world. Okay? So what the Divine Comedy does is, what it helps people do is take all these new structural forces that are being unleashed onto the world and understand it in a new way that unleashes three major movements. Okay? These are, of course, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Second Revolution. Now, as these things are happening, what else is happening is the Gunpowder Revolution. The Gunpowder Revolution. And these things combine in order to create massive structural changes within European society. Okay? So we discussed this, but there are three major changes that are happening throughout this period. The first is the transition from feudalism to a nation.", "word_count": 164, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-001", "start": 855.9, "end": 856.14, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-002", "start": 856.98, "end": 863.4, "text": "So, let's talk about the ideas that underpin the French Revolution.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-003", "start": 863.78, "end": 864.56, "text": "The Enlightenment.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-004", "start": 864.8, "end": 868.6, "text": "Okay? How did we get into the modern period where the ideas", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-005", "start": 868.6, "end": 871.48, "text": "are now reason, debate, and progress?", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-006", "start": 871.92, "end": 874, "text": "Okay. So let's go back to Dante.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-007", "start": 876.07, "end": 879.53, "text": "Dante's Divine Comedy is a prophecy.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-008", "start": 880.23, "end": 885.43, "text": "It is a new understanding of the world.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-009", "start": 885.93, "end": 888.13, "text": "Okay? So what the Divine Comedy does is,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-010", "start": 888.27, "end": 891.75, "text": "what it helps people do is take all these new structural forces", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-011", "start": 891.75, "end": 895.15, "text": "that are being unleashed onto the world and understand it in a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-012", "start": 895.15, "end": 898.35, "text": "new way that unleashes three major movements.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-013", "start": 898.55, "end": 900.15, "text": "Okay? These are, of course,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-014", "start": 900.21, "end": 912.67, "text": "the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Second Revolution.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-015", "start": 915.58, "end": 917.72, "text": "Now, as these things are happening,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-016", "start": 917.88, "end": 920.72, "text": "what else is happening is the Gunpowder Revolution.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-017", "start": 921.22, "end": 923.34, "text": "The Gunpowder Revolution.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-018", "start": 924.94, "end": 932, "text": "And these things combine in order to create massive structural changes within", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-019", "start": 932, "end": 932.82, "text": "European society.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-020", "start": 933.16, "end": 934.26, "text": "Okay? So we discussed this,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-021", "start": 934.32, "end": 938.82, "text": "but there are three major changes that are happening throughout this period.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-022", "start": 939, "end": 939.88, "text": "The first is", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0012-chunk-023", "start": 939.88, "end": 945.72, "text": "the transition from feudalism to a nation.", "word_count": 7 } ], "text_sha256": "8793122571253f555c9128296feaf3f1f0bd304a73a6daa265cf5134871c3f19", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0012", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=855s", "time_label": "14:15", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0013", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013", "start": 946, "end": 1022.67, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Okay? The idea of a nation. Okay? At first, it's an absolute monarchy, but then after the French Revolution, it transitions into a nation state. Okay? From decentralization into centralization, basically. That's the first major change. Second major change is from rural to urban. Basically, from agriculture into industry. Okay? And the third major change is from religion into science. All right? And this is what's happening in Europe because of the Gunpowder Revolution. Now, what's important about this is with these structural changes comes massive demographic, political, and economic changes. Essentially, what's happening is that new groups of people are being created. And these groups of people are who we collectively call the middle class. Okay? So let's look at the middle class. All right. So, previously in Europe, there are, just roughly speaking, two major groups. Okay? There's the nobility and the clergy. Okay? There's almost no difference between the two because they intermarry.", "word_count": 156, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-001", "start": 946, "end": 947.34, "text": "Okay? The idea of a nation.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-002", "start": 947.66, "end": 949.52, "text": "Okay? At first, it's an absolute monarchy,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-003", "start": 949.74, "end": 951.14, "text": "but then after the French Revolution,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-004", "start": 951.38, "end": 953, "text": "it transitions into a nation state.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-005", "start": 953.4, "end": 956.22, "text": "Okay? From decentralization into centralization,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-006", "start": 956.34, "end": 958.32, "text": "basically. That's the first major change.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-007", "start": 958.56, "end": 964.01, "text": "Second major change is from rural to urban.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-008", "start": 965.55, "end": 968.44, "text": "Basically, from agriculture into industry.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-009", "start": 969.1, "end": 973.36, "text": "Okay? And the third major change is from religion into science.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-010", "start": 973.36, "end": 978.83, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-011", "start": 978.85, "end": 982.95, "text": "And this is what's happening in Europe because of the Gunpowder Revolution.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-012", "start": 983.57, "end": 990.95, "text": "Now, what's important about this is with these structural changes comes massive", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-013", "start": 990.95, "end": 993.85, "text": "demographic, political, and economic changes.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-014", "start": 994.43, "end": 998.91, "text": "Essentially, what's happening is that new groups of people are being created.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-015", "start": 999.21, "end": 1003.67, "text": "And these groups of people are who we collectively call the middle", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-016", "start": 1003.67, "end": 1005.09, "text": "class. Okay?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-017", "start": 1005.19, "end": 1006.61, "text": "So let's look at the middle class.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-018", "start": 1006.83, "end": 1007.33, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-019", "start": 1007.65, "end": 1011.08, "text": "So, previously in Europe, there are,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-020", "start": 1011.24, "end": 1015.11, "text": "just roughly speaking, two major groups.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-021", "start": 1015.29, "end": 1018.01, "text": "Okay? There's the nobility and the clergy.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-022", "start": 1018.15, "end": 1021.51, "text": "Okay? There's almost no difference between the two", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0013-chunk-023", "start": 1021.51, "end": 1022.67, "text": "because they intermarry.", "word_count": 3 } ], "text_sha256": "01ffce401f1421f93a174138f8a1720928f93432c332f64eaeb64269cbba3209", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0013", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=946s", "time_label": "15:46", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0014", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "start": 1022.83, "end": 1096.89, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "They come from the same families. Okay? But they're the leading elite of society. Okay? You have the tall people, the nobility and the clergy. And then at the other end are the peasants and slaves. But of course, I mean, this is not that simple. I mean, you always have, in the middle class, you always have tradespeople. You always have people working in towns. But they're a minority. And what's happening now, because of all these changes in society, is they now become an increasingly powerful group of people. They're the ones who are driving economic change. Okay? Now, the middle class, an extremely complicated set of people, but roughly speaking, we can divide them into three major categories. Three major categories. The first is what we call the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie. Okay? The bourgeoisie is a French term that we use. And it comes actually from the German, which is burger. Burger means the leading citizens of a town.", "word_count": 162, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-001", "start": 1022.83, "end": 1024.03, "text": "They come from the same families.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-002", "start": 1024.11, "end": 1026.61, "text": "Okay? But they're the leading elite of society.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-003", "start": 1026.79, "end": 1027.99, "text": "Okay? You have the tall people,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-004", "start": 1028.13, "end": 1029.11, "text": "the nobility and the clergy.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-005", "start": 1029.45, "end": 1033.19, "text": "And then at the other end are the peasants and slaves.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-006", "start": 1037.43, "end": 1038.81, "text": "But of course, I mean,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-007", "start": 1038.87, "end": 1040.09, "text": "this is not that simple.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-008", "start": 1040.23, "end": 1041.69, "text": "I mean, you always have,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-009", "start": 1041.69, "end": 1044.73, "text": "in the middle class, you always have tradespeople.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-010", "start": 1045.35, "end": 1049.89, "text": "You always have people working in towns.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-011", "start": 1050.11, "end": 1050.93, "text": "But they're a minority.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-012", "start": 1051.41, "end": 1055.55, "text": "And what's happening now, because of all these changes in society,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-013", "start": 1055.69, "end": 1062.13, "text": "is they now become an increasingly powerful group of people.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-014", "start": 1062.23, "end": 1065.55, "text": "They're the ones who are driving economic change.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-015", "start": 1066.05, "end": 1068.59, "text": "Okay? Now, the middle class,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-016", "start": 1068.71, "end": 1071.33, "text": "an extremely complicated set of people,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-017", "start": 1071.33, "end": 1075.77, "text": "but roughly speaking, we can divide them into three major categories.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-018", "start": 1076.37, "end": 1077.53, "text": "Three major categories.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-019", "start": 1077.89, "end": 1081.45, "text": "The first is what we call the bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-020", "start": 1081.51, "end": 1083.76, "text": "The bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-021", "start": 1083.76, "end": 1088.22, "text": "Okay? The bourgeoisie is a French term that we use.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-022", "start": 1088.36, "end": 1090.38, "text": "And it comes actually from the German,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-023", "start": 1090.56, "end": 1092, "text": "which is burger.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-024", "start": 1092.79, "end": 1095.07, "text": "Burger means the", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0014-chunk-025", "start": 1095.07, "end": 1096.89, "text": "leading citizens of a town.", "word_count": 5 } ], "text_sha256": "836c1dd91da2130ab949fce93bfcadbb32d75ae369948c21a7948e3dbc23da08", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0014", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1022s", "time_label": "17:02", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0015", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "start": 1097.05, "end": 1168.06, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "The burgers. And the leading citizens of a town usually are the factory owners. The merchants. The people who trade. The bankers. The people who have control of the money. The lawyers. Okay? So these are the bourgeoisie. These are the elite. And this is a new group of people that work very closely with the nobility, but they have some differences. Okay? And the thing to remember about these people is they tend to be conservative. Because in terms of status, they already have, all the status that they want. Okay? And over time, what will happen is that the king and nobility will increasingly depend on the bourgeoisie for financing. Okay? So they pay for wars. They pay for new industry. They pay for roads. Okay? So the bourgeoisie are the ones who are most heavily taxed. But they're usually conservative. They're really happy with the way things are. At the other end, sorry, next to the bourgeoisie are what we call the petite bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 167, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-001", "start": 1097.05, "end": 1097.77, "text": "The burgers.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-002", "start": 1098.49, "end": 1103.39, "text": "And the leading citizens of a town usually are the factory owners.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-003", "start": 1104.86, "end": 1105.82, "text": "The merchants.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-004", "start": 1106.1, "end": 1106.76, "text": "The people who trade.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-005", "start": 1107.84, "end": 1108.8, "text": "The bankers.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-006", "start": 1108.82, "end": 1109.94, "text": "The people who have control of the money.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-007", "start": 1110.08, "end": 1110.82, "text": "The lawyers.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-008", "start": 1111.68, "end": 1113.74, "text": "Okay? So these are the bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-009", "start": 1113.84, "end": 1114.84, "text": "These are the elite.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-010", "start": 1115.44, "end": 1121.1, "text": "And this is a new group of people that work very closely", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-011", "start": 1121.1, "end": 1124.05, "text": "with the nobility, but they have some differences.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-012", "start": 1125.07, "end": 1128.21, "text": "Okay? And the thing to remember about these people is they tend", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-013", "start": 1128.21, "end": 1129.19, "text": "to be conservative.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-014", "start": 1130.55, "end": 1132.23, "text": "Because in terms of status,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-015", "start": 1133.38, "end": 1137.48, "text": "they already have, all the status that they want.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-016", "start": 1137.7, "end": 1143.22, "text": "Okay? And over time, what will happen is that the king and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-017", "start": 1143.22, "end": 1147.94, "text": "nobility will increasingly depend on the bourgeoisie for financing.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-018", "start": 1149.09, "end": 1151.09, "text": "Okay? So they pay for wars.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-019", "start": 1151.29, "end": 1153.01, "text": "They pay for new industry.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-020", "start": 1153.31, "end": 1154.01, "text": "They pay for roads.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-021", "start": 1154.13, "end": 1156.79, "text": "Okay? So the bourgeoisie are the ones who are most heavily taxed.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-022", "start": 1156.85, "end": 1157.95, "text": "But they're usually conservative.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-023", "start": 1158.13, "end": 1159.61, "text": "They're really happy with the way things are.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-024", "start": 1159.85, "end": 1161.13, "text": "At the other end,", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0015-chunk-025", "start": 1163.92, "end": 1168.06, "text": "sorry, next to the bourgeoisie are what we call the petite bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 12 } ], "text_sha256": "6c86cd5846094701c66fe19603ef8badaf3656c423267ea916f4e2a84c2059c7", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0015", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1097s", "time_label": "18:17", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0016", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So the thing about these people is that they tend to be aspirational. They're not happy with their lives. They want more. And as such, they are opportunistic. Okay? Usually, the people who are most likely to lead the revolution come from members of the petite bourgeoisie. Okay? So most of the leaders of the French Revolution, the most radical members, were provincial lawyers. Okay? Lawyers who worked in small cities. They're not part of the elite, the bourgeoisie. Okay? But they're pretty comfortable where they are. Okay? They're the provincial elite. If you look at the communist revolution, Mao Zedong, he was a petite bourgeoisie. He was a provincial elite, not a Beijing elite. And", "word_count": 148, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-001", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1169.58, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-002", "start": 1173.12, "end": 1175.08, "text": "And these people are not rich,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-003", "start": 1177.65, "end": 1179.29, "text": "but they're solidly middle class.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-004", "start": 1179.49, "end": 1180.31, "text": "They're comfortable where they are.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-005", "start": 1180.43, "end": 1182.37, "text": "Okay? These people are school teachers.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-006", "start": 1183.37, "end": 1184.87, "text": "Maybe they're restaurant owners.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-007", "start": 1185.35, "end": 1186.43, "text": "Maybe they're notaries.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-008", "start": 1186.49, "end": 1191.28, "text": "Okay? So the thing about these people is that they tend to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-009", "start": 1191.28, "end": 1192.7, "text": "be aspirational.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-010", "start": 1193.57, "end": 1195.37, "text": "They're not happy with their lives.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-011", "start": 1195.39, "end": 1195.95, "text": "They want more.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-012", "start": 1196.07, "end": 1197.99, "text": "And as such, they are opportunistic.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-013", "start": 1197.99, "end": 1207.12, "text": "Okay? Usually, the people who are most likely to lead the revolution", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-014", "start": 1207.82, "end": 1210.78, "text": "come from members of the petite bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-015", "start": 1211.14, "end": 1214.46, "text": "Okay? So most of the leaders of the French Revolution,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-016", "start": 1214.84, "end": 1218.48, "text": "the most radical members, were provincial lawyers.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-017", "start": 1218.82, "end": 1221.14, "text": "Okay? Lawyers who worked in small cities.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-018", "start": 1221.24, "end": 1222.34, "text": "They're not part of the elite,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-019", "start": 1222.86, "end": 1223.78, "text": "the bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-020", "start": 1224.04, "end": 1226.4, "text": "Okay? But they're pretty comfortable where they are.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-021", "start": 1226.48, "end": 1227.7, "text": "Okay? They're the provincial elite.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-022", "start": 1228.4, "end": 1230.38, "text": "If you look at the communist revolution,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-023", "start": 1231.26, "end": 1234.46, "text": "Mao Zedong, he was a petite bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-024", "start": 1234.46, "end": 1236.66, "text": "He was a provincial elite,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-025", "start": 1236.84, "end": 1238.58, "text": "not a Beijing elite.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0016-chunk-026", "start": 1238.88, "end": 1239.32, "text": "And", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "f0288a1eedf71096b3c16abb8d4682d95f1df9aa7a1c07a7bee2171347f6da62", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0016", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1168s", "time_label": "19:28", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0017", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "start": 1239.32, "end": 1324.66, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "the last group is what will be referred to in the future, not now, as the proletariat. Proletariat. The proletariat are basically artisans, craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers, and they have a specialized craft. That makes them valuable. Okay? They're not peasants. They're not poor. But the problem is they are very precarious. Okay? Precarious. What this means is that as the Sandic Revolution progresses, new technology will start to replace the artisans. Okay? Like a sewing machine. And as such, they lose their livelihoods. So their lives are very precarious. Therefore, they most likely tend towards violence. So these are the foot soldiers of revolutions. Okay? The petite bourgeoisie are often the thought leaders, but the proletariat are the ones who provide the muscle. Okay? So if you look at most revolutions, this is how it works. What's really important for us to understand is that, first of all, these categories are not strict.", "word_count": 161, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-001", "start": 1239.32, "end": 1244.84, "text": "the last group is what will be referred to in the future,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-002", "start": 1245, "end": 1246.9, "text": "not now, as the proletariat.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-003", "start": 1248.47, "end": 1254.48, "text": "Proletariat. The proletariat are basically artisans,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-004", "start": 1255.69, "end": 1260.17, "text": "craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-005", "start": 1260.25, "end": 1262.09, "text": "and they have a specialized craft.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-006", "start": 1262.11, "end": 1263.03, "text": "That makes them valuable.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-007", "start": 1263.25, "end": 1264.59, "text": "Okay? They're not peasants.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-008", "start": 1264.63, "end": 1265.31, "text": "They're not poor.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-009", "start": 1265.59, "end": 1269.11, "text": "But the problem is they are very precarious.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-010", "start": 1269.79, "end": 1271.31, "text": "Okay? Precarious.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-011", "start": 1272.18, "end": 1277.94, "text": "What this means is that as the Sandic Revolution progresses,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-012", "start": 1279.04, "end": 1282.12, "text": "new technology will start to replace the artisans.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-013", "start": 1283.49, "end": 1286.7, "text": "Okay? Like a sewing machine.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-014", "start": 1288.2, "end": 1291, "text": "And as such, they lose their livelihoods.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-015", "start": 1291, "end": 1293.04, "text": "So their lives are very precarious.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-016", "start": 1293.4, "end": 1298.68, "text": "Therefore, they most likely tend towards violence.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-017", "start": 1299.08, "end": 1303.46, "text": "So these are the foot soldiers of revolutions.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-018", "start": 1304.18, "end": 1308.22, "text": "Okay? The petite bourgeoisie are often the thought leaders,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-019", "start": 1309.86, "end": 1314.26, "text": "but the proletariat are the ones who provide the muscle.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-020", "start": 1314.89, "end": 1316.77, "text": "Okay? So if you look at most revolutions,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-021", "start": 1316.95, "end": 1318.43, "text": "this is how it works.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-022", "start": 1318.67, "end": 1321.15, "text": "What's really important for us to understand is that,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-023", "start": 1321.29, "end": 1323.99, "text": "first of all, these categories are not", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0017-chunk-024", "start": 1323.99, "end": 1324.66, "text": "strict.", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "8a62f6581f5b66191c3445917dc122d8100cff3812c0c98b265765bca05a1247", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0017", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1239s", "time_label": "20:39", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0018", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loyalties of each group will change according to the circumstance. Okay? So the petite bourgeoisie is not definite that they will rebel against the bourgeoisie. It depends on their economic interests. And it is not definite that the peasants will work with the petite bourgeoisie against the nobility. In fact, during the French Revolution, this is really important, the nobility and the peasants were working together to suppress the revolution. Why? Because the French Revolution wanted to destroy the Catholic religion. And the peasants love their religion. Okay? The peasants wanted to be Catholic and they want to protect their priests. So there was a massive civil war going on in France between the peasants and the proletariat. And that would be counterintuitive if you think it's like why would poor people be fighting against poor people?", "word_count": 171, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-001", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1325.33, "text": "Okay?", "word_count": 1 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-002", "start": 1326.36, "end": 1331.84, "text": "There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-003", "start": 1332.02, "end": 1335.64, "text": "There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-004", "start": 1335.78, "end": 1338.94, "text": "Okay? These categories are not static.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-005", "start": 1339.49, "end": 1345.89, "text": "The other thing is that the loyalties of each group will change", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-006", "start": 1345.89, "end": 1347.47, "text": "according to the circumstance.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-007", "start": 1348.95, "end": 1354.97, "text": "Okay? So the petite bourgeoisie is not definite that they will rebel", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-008", "start": 1355, "end": 1356, "text": "against the bourgeoisie.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-009", "start": 1356.04, "end": 1357.52, "text": "It depends on their economic interests.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-010", "start": 1357.54, "end": 1365.02, "text": "And it is not definite that the peasants will work with the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-011", "start": 1365.02, "end": 1367.22, "text": "petite bourgeoisie against the nobility.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-012", "start": 1367.36, "end": 1369.32, "text": "In fact, during the French Revolution,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-013", "start": 1369.7, "end": 1373.12, "text": "this is really important, the nobility and the peasants were working together", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-014", "start": 1373.12, "end": 1374.16, "text": "to suppress the revolution.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-015", "start": 1374.44, "end": 1379.68, "text": "Why? Because the French Revolution wanted to destroy the Catholic religion.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-016", "start": 1380, "end": 1382.7, "text": "And the peasants love their religion.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-017", "start": 1382.9, "end": 1387.68, "text": "Okay? The peasants wanted to be Catholic and they want to protect", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-018", "start": 1387.68, "end": 1388.16, "text": "their priests.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-019", "start": 1388.62, "end": 1391.66, "text": "So there was a massive civil war going on in France between", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-020", "start": 1391.66, "end": 1394.9, "text": "the peasants and the proletariat.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-021", "start": 1395.28, "end": 1397.48, "text": "And that would be counterintuitive if you", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0018-chunk-022", "start": 1397.48, "end": 1400.34, "text": "think it's like why would poor people be fighting against poor people?", "word_count": 12 } ], "text_sha256": "af643d27cee1fdeebd88fa29f9a5db8edef48923e74d487ff74c32eeff086fbe", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0018", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1324s", "time_label": "22:04", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0019", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1468.78, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests. Okay? Does that make sense? All right? So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember. There are different groups. This is an oversimplification. And their loyalties will change. So during the revolution, the loyalties will change and it will mark different stages in the French Revolution. And you can use this framework to also understand future revolutions, especially the Communist Revolution. And it's also important for us to remember that most revolutions will fail. All right. So this is the middle class. Now think about the middle class. The thing about new groups is that what they have to do is they have to establish group solidarity. Okay? And the way you do that is by establishing group identity. So how is it that the middle class is different from everyone else? Okay? And as we", "word_count": 148, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-001", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1403.34, "text": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-002", "start": 1403.74, "end": 1404.5, "text": "Okay? Does that make sense?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-003", "start": 1404.72, "end": 1405.12, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-004", "start": 1405.2, "end": 1407.88, "text": "So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-005", "start": 1408.16, "end": 1409.08, "text": "There are different groups.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-006", "start": 1409.4, "end": 1410.58, "text": "This is an oversimplification.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-007", "start": 1413.59, "end": 1415.73, "text": "And their loyalties will change.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-008", "start": 1416.07, "end": 1422.24, "text": "So during the revolution, the loyalties will change and it will mark", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-009", "start": 1422.24, "end": 1423.7, "text": "different stages in the French Revolution.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-010", "start": 1424.14, "end": 1428, "text": "And you can use this framework to also understand future revolutions,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-011", "start": 1428.24, "end": 1429.6, "text": "especially the Communist Revolution.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-012", "start": 1431.45, "end": 1434.73, "text": "And it's also important for us to remember that most revolutions will", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-013", "start": 1434.73, "end": 1436.73, "text": "fail. All right.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-014", "start": 1438.99, "end": 1444.18, "text": "So this is the middle class.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-015", "start": 1444.56, "end": 1445.86, "text": "Now think about the middle class.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-016", "start": 1446.28, "end": 1452.63, "text": "The thing about new groups is that what they have to do", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-017", "start": 1452.63, "end": 1456.48, "text": "is they have to establish group solidarity.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-018", "start": 1457.26, "end": 1460.5, "text": "Okay? And the way you do that is by establishing group identity.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-019", "start": 1461.45, "end": 1466.18, "text": "So how is it that the middle class is different from everyone", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-020", "start": 1466.18, "end": 1468.26, "text": "else? Okay?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0019-chunk-021", "start": 1468.3, "end": 1468.78, "text": "And as we", "word_count": 3 } ], "text_sha256": "bd4f329f1e0e8e29577a568f295bd6732480d73872d8da587e4065b861be4847", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0019", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1400s", "time_label": "23:20", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0020", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "start": 1468.78, "end": 1554.24, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "discuss, what the middle class will do is they will slowly adopt the Enlightenment principles of reason, debate, and progress. Okay? That's how the middle class, or most members of the aspirational middle class, will try to differentiate themselves from everyone else, by embracing the Enlightenment. And that's why we have the Enlightenment. Okay? So over time, these things will become much more concrete. Okay? So what makes the middle class identity? The first is the idea of education. Second is the idea of achievement. And the third is the idea of morality. All right? So what is the middle class? The middle class are those who embrace these three ideas, education, achievement, and morality. Right? If you're in the middle class, you'll be much more educated than nobility and the peasantry. You will read books. You will read newspapers. That's why we have newspapers, okay? Because the middle class wants information. Achievement, the achievement ethos is I will always strive to be better.", "word_count": 164, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-001", "start": 1468.78, "end": 1475.26, "text": "discuss, what the middle class will do is they will slowly adopt", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-002", "start": 1475.97, "end": 1477.95, "text": "the Enlightenment principles of reason,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-003", "start": 1478.36, "end": 1483.08, "text": "debate, and progress.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-004", "start": 1485.62, "end": 1488.5, "text": "Okay? That's how the middle class,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-005", "start": 1488.8, "end": 1491.22, "text": "or most members of the aspirational middle class,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-006", "start": 1491.34, "end": 1494.34, "text": "will try to differentiate themselves from everyone else,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-007", "start": 1494.48, "end": 1496.68, "text": "by embracing the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-008", "start": 1496.88, "end": 1498.06, "text": "And that's why we have the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-009", "start": 1499.56, "end": 1509.96, "text": "Okay? So over time, these things will become much more concrete.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-010", "start": 1510.2, "end": 1513.18, "text": "Okay? So what makes the middle class identity?", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-011", "start": 1513.66, "end": 1516.06, "text": "The first is the idea of education.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-012", "start": 1517.12, "end": 1519.86, "text": "Second is the idea of achievement.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-013", "start": 1519.86, "end": 1522.94, "text": "And the third is the idea of morality.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-014", "start": 1526.04, "end": 1526.72, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-015", "start": 1526.76, "end": 1528.84, "text": "So what is the middle class?", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-016", "start": 1529.1, "end": 1531.82, "text": "The middle class are those who embrace these three ideas,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-017", "start": 1532, "end": 1533.82, "text": "education, achievement, and morality.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-018", "start": 1534.18, "end": 1536.56, "text": "Right? If you're in the middle class,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-019", "start": 1536.8, "end": 1540.72, "text": "you'll be much more educated than nobility and the peasantry.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-020", "start": 1540.86, "end": 1541.94, "text": "You will read books.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-021", "start": 1542.12, "end": 1543.48, "text": "You will read newspapers.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-022", "start": 1543.74, "end": 1545.24, "text": "That's why we have newspapers,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-023", "start": 1545.5, "end": 1546.76, "text": "okay? Because the middle class wants information.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-024", "start": 1548.63, "end": 1552.84, "text": "Achievement, the achievement ethos is I will always", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0020-chunk-025", "start": 1552.84, "end": 1554.24, "text": "strive to be better.", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "476a715a783a5b8feb29209c8b18ba51f27075e938609f50688dee00701831a5", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0020", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1468s", "time_label": "24:28", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0021", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "start": 1554.24, "end": 1610.36, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "I want my children to be better than me. Okay? If you're a peasant, you don't believe your children will live a better life. If you're nobility, you don't really care if your children live a better life. But for the middle class, it's very important that their children live better lives. Okay? So the idea of the achievement ethos, to work hard. Okay? So you guys should understand this because you're all members of the middle class in China. Right? And the last is the idea of morality. Okay? And this is really important. Morality is especially when it comes to sexual morality. All right? Sexual morality. So the idea is that if you're a poor person, the thing about being poor is you have no control over your body. So during this time of industrialization, what's happening is a lot of peasants are moving into the cities. And what are women doing? Well, they're becoming prostitutes.", "word_count": 158, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-001", "start": 1554.24, "end": 1556.5, "text": "I want my children to be better than me.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-002", "start": 1556.62, "end": 1557.62, "text": "Okay? If you're a peasant,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-003", "start": 1557.76, "end": 1560.8, "text": "you don't believe your children will live a better life.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-004", "start": 1560.96, "end": 1563.44, "text": "If you're nobility, you don't really care if your children live a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-005", "start": 1563.44, "end": 1563.8, "text": "better life.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-006", "start": 1564, "end": 1564.92, "text": "But for the middle class,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-007", "start": 1565.04, "end": 1569.63, "text": "it's very important that their children live better lives.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-008", "start": 1569.89, "end": 1571.63, "text": "Okay? So the idea of the achievement ethos,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-009", "start": 1571.67, "end": 1572.45, "text": "to work hard.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-010", "start": 1572.93, "end": 1576.77, "text": "Okay? So you guys should understand this because you're all members of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-011", "start": 1576.77, "end": 1577.61, "text": "the middle class in China.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-012", "start": 1577.71, "end": 1579.57, "text": "Right? And the last is the idea of morality.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-013", "start": 1579.87, "end": 1580.77, "text": "Okay? And this is really important.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-014", "start": 1583, "end": 1587.74, "text": "Morality is especially when it comes to sexual morality.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-015", "start": 1588.18, "end": 1588.32, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-016", "start": 1588.38, "end": 1589.04, "text": "Sexual morality.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-017", "start": 1589.54, "end": 1595.1, "text": "So the idea is that if you're a poor person,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-018", "start": 1595.28, "end": 1599.02, "text": "the thing about being poor is you have no control over your", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-019", "start": 1599.02, "end": 1603.36, "text": "body. So during this time of industrialization,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-020", "start": 1603.7, "end": 1606.6, "text": "what's happening is a lot of peasants are moving into the cities.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-021", "start": 1607.06, "end": 1608.82, "text": "And what are women doing?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-022", "start": 1609, "end": 1609.56, "text": "Well, they're", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0021-chunk-023", "start": 1609.56, "end": 1610.36, "text": "becoming prostitutes.", "word_count": 2 } ], "text_sha256": "eeb2a4f9b7929f38fbcbeff40e486ce197a1b0febab10b4048eb329e01198a0c", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0021", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1554s", "time_label": "25:54", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0022", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "start": 1610.76, "end": 1668.933, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "There are tons and tons of prostitutes in these cities. At this time in Europe. Okay? We just walk on the street and guess what? There are prostitutes everywhere. So as a poor person, you have absolutely no control over your body. So with the middle class, the way that they differentiate themselves is by saying that we have enough resources to protect our bodies. And if you're part of the middle class, then you're expected to adhere to a very strict morality. Okay? Does that make sense? That's where we get the idea of morality from, from the development of the middle class. As a middle class, you have sexual, you are much more sexually pure, but also you have a new idea called childhood. If you are a poor person, your child at age 6 starts to work. Okay? At age 10, he or she may be working in a factory and by 12 may be dead.", "word_count": 159, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-001", "start": 1610.76, "end": 1615.06, "text": "There are tons and tons of prostitutes in these cities.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-002", "start": 1615.06, "end": 1616.12, "text": "At this time in Europe.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-003", "start": 1616.22, "end": 1619.28, "text": "Okay? We just walk on the street and guess what?", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-004", "start": 1619.36, "end": 1620.18, "text": "There are prostitutes everywhere.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-005", "start": 1620.88, "end": 1622.18, "text": "So as a poor person,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-006", "start": 1622.26, "end": 1625.66, "text": "you have absolutely no control over your body.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-007", "start": 1625.86, "end": 1627.16, "text": "So with the middle class,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-008", "start": 1627.54, "end": 1630.72, "text": "the way that they differentiate themselves is by saying that we have", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-009", "start": 1630.72, "end": 1634.18, "text": "enough resources to protect our bodies.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-010", "start": 1634.74, "end": 1636.16, "text": "And if you're part of the middle class,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-011", "start": 1636.44, "end": 1643.21, "text": "then you're expected to adhere to a very strict morality.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-012", "start": 1643.43, "end": 1644.11, "text": "Okay? Does that make sense?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-013", "start": 1644.11, "end": 1646.71, "text": "That's where we get the idea of morality from,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-014", "start": 1646.81, "end": 1648.25, "text": "from the development of the middle class.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-015", "start": 1648.97, "end": 1651.15, "text": "As a middle class, you have sexual,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-016", "start": 1652.67, "end": 1654.85, "text": "you are much more sexually pure,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-017", "start": 1655.05, "end": 1657.93, "text": "but also you have a new idea called childhood.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-018", "start": 1660, "end": 1661.6, "text": "If you are a poor person,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-019", "start": 1661.78, "end": 1663.66, "text": "your child at age 6 starts to work.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-020", "start": 1663.86, "end": 1666.68, "text": "Okay? At age 10, he or she may be working in a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-021", "start": 1666.68, "end": 1668.5, "text": "factory and by 12 may be", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0022-chunk-022", "start": 1668.5, "end": 1668.933, "text": "dead.", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "08dcfc800b9094436200bca41b2bacb9fa46c6aa33f90c06924cca3bd0b4e761", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0022", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1610s", "time_label": "26:50", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0023", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment basically was a movement in which a new group of people, the middle class, they've always existed, but now they exist in quantity. And they have more resources than they used to have before, especially literacy, access to information. They have more wealth. They have more technology. They are the future leaders of the world. And as such, they want to embrace a new identity. And that's why we have the Enlightenment. Okay? The Enlightenment was basically a period when they tried to bring the ideas of science into society in order to create a new middle class identity. And it still exists today. All right. So that is the basic framework for today. Now we will look at specific writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 165, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-001", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1673.7, "text": "What the middle class can do is give his or her", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-002", "start": 1673.7, "end": 1676.24, "text": "child a childhood.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-003", "start": 1676.54, "end": 1681.07, "text": "Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-004", "start": 1681.07, "end": 1681.69, "text": "looking at this.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-005", "start": 1683.06, "end": 1683.74, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-006", "start": 1684.6, "end": 1687.36, "text": "Okay. So that's the idea here.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-007", "start": 1687.9, "end": 1693.82, "text": "The Enlightenment basically was a movement in which a new group of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-008", "start": 1693.82, "end": 1696.36, "text": "people, the middle class, they've always existed,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-009", "start": 1696.54, "end": 1699.7, "text": "but now they exist in quantity.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-010", "start": 1700.3, "end": 1704.44, "text": "And they have more resources than they used to have before,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-011", "start": 1704.58, "end": 1706.82, "text": "especially literacy, access to information.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-012", "start": 1707.68, "end": 1708.8, "text": "They have more wealth.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-013", "start": 1709.2, "end": 1710.44, "text": "They have more technology.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-014", "start": 1710.7, "end": 1712.76, "text": "They are the future leaders of the world.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-015", "start": 1713.47, "end": 1716.01, "text": "And as such, they want to embrace a new identity.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-016", "start": 1716.94, "end": 1718.94, "text": "And that's why we have the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-017", "start": 1719.08, "end": 1722.72, "text": "Okay? The Enlightenment was basically a period when they tried to bring", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-018", "start": 1722.72, "end": 1727.54, "text": "the ideas of science into society in order to create a new", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-019", "start": 1727.54, "end": 1728.38, "text": "middle class identity.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-020", "start": 1728.7, "end": 1730.04, "text": "And it still exists today.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-021", "start": 1731.53, "end": 1732.15, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-022", "start": 1732.43, "end": 1735.39, "text": "So that is the basic framework for today.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-023", "start": 1735.71, "end": 1736.95, "text": "Now we will look at specific", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0023-chunk-024", "start": 1737.79, "end": 1740.03, "text": "writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 6 } ], "text_sha256": "10863d9d3cc96fb700fafd24f31b12ff2c3efdb87b7ca6a5849c385bf5633d45", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0023", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1668s", "time_label": "27:48", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0024", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us to remember is that there are major ideological differences between the British Enlightenment and the European Enlightenment. Okay? European just means France, Germany, Netherlands. Okay? Basically, continent of Europe. The ideas that develop in Europe will be different from the ideas that develop in Britain. After the French Revolution, we'll look at Britain specifically. But now I just want to focus on the European Enlightenment. Okay? So please remember that. The British Enlightenment and the European Enlightenment have contrasting ideas, even though most historians consider them part of the same historical movement. All right. So what is Enlightenment? It is a movement to systemize and institutionalize Dante to create a new European middle -class identity. So all these ideas are coming from Dante.", "word_count": 159, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-001", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1741.94, "text": "Okay? Any questions so far?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-002", "start": 1742.82, "end": 1743.52, "text": "Okay, great.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-003", "start": 1744.01, "end": 1744.65, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-004", "start": 1746.6, "end": 1750.98, "text": "So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-005", "start": 1761.98, "end": 1762.72, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-006", "start": 1762.76, "end": 1765.44, "text": "So today's class is on the European Enlightenment.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-007", "start": 1765.62, "end": 1769.06, "text": "Now, what's really important for us to remember is that there are", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-008", "start": 1769.06, "end": 1775.3, "text": "major ideological differences between the British Enlightenment and the European Enlightenment.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-009", "start": 1775.64, "end": 1779.4, "text": "Okay? European just means France,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-010", "start": 1780.23, "end": 1781.39, "text": "Germany, Netherlands.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-011", "start": 1781.81, "end": 1783.97, "text": "Okay? Basically, continent of Europe.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-012", "start": 1784.43, "end": 1787.81, "text": "The ideas that develop in Europe will be different from the ideas", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-013", "start": 1787.81, "end": 1789.03, "text": "that develop in Britain.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-014", "start": 1789.53, "end": 1791.77, "text": "After the French Revolution, we'll look at Britain specifically.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-015", "start": 1792.05, "end": 1794.61, "text": "But now I just want to focus on the European Enlightenment.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-016", "start": 1794.73, "end": 1796.05, "text": "Okay? So please remember that.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-017", "start": 1796.19, "end": 1800.51, "text": "The British Enlightenment and the European Enlightenment have contrasting ideas,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-018", "start": 1800.73, "end": 1805.01, "text": "even though most historians consider them part of the same historical movement.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-019", "start": 1806.14, "end": 1806.82, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-020", "start": 1806.82, "end": 1808.52, "text": "So what is Enlightenment?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-021", "start": 1808.72, "end": 1814.36, "text": "It is a movement to systemize and institutionalize Dante to create a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-022", "start": 1814.36, "end": 1815.94, "text": "new European middle -class identity.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-023", "start": 1816.3, "end": 1817.16, "text": "So all these", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0024-chunk-024", "start": 1817.16, "end": 1818.56, "text": "ideas are coming from Dante.", "word_count": 5 } ], "text_sha256": "089de5762dc8d93ff306455551f84b289ab4307e1b0adbedd160c395452ac9de", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0024", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1740s", "time_label": "29:00", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0025", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason is the fundamental principle of Enlightenment. That's not what Dante said, though. Okay? Dante said love is what God gave us. Love is the light in us. Now you think, well, what's the difference between love and reason? Okay. What I will do over the course of the semester is show you that there's actually a huge, huge difference between love and reason. Specifically, reason is independent. You can, by yourself, reason out things. But love requires you to connect with someone else. Either your child, your wife, your mother, who knows, okay? But you must connect with someone else. And because of that idea, interconnectedness, it puts a restraint on your reason. But if you're capable of reasoning by yourself, you can reason anything, including concentration camps, nuclear bombs, genocide.", "word_count": 168, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-001", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1823.28, "text": "But there is a major difference that we must remember.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-002", "start": 1823.84, "end": 1827.24, "text": "Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-003", "start": 1827.64, "end": 1831.28, "text": "what God left us is a capacity to reason.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-004", "start": 1831.9, "end": 1834.62, "text": "Through reason, we can access the mind of God.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-005", "start": 1834.92, "end": 1839.18, "text": "Okay? Reason is the fundamental principle of Enlightenment.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-006", "start": 1840.61, "end": 1841.71, "text": "That's not what Dante said,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-007", "start": 1841.85, "end": 1842.17, "text": "though. Okay?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-008", "start": 1842.29, "end": 1845.91, "text": "Dante said love is what God gave us.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-009", "start": 1845.97, "end": 1847.53, "text": "Love is the light in us.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-010", "start": 1848.2, "end": 1851.56, "text": "Now you think, well, what's the difference between love and reason?", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-011", "start": 1852, "end": 1855.12, "text": "Okay. What I will do over the course of the semester is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-012", "start": 1855.12, "end": 1857.84, "text": "show you that there's actually a huge,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-013", "start": 1858.14, "end": 1860.94, "text": "huge difference between love and reason.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-014", "start": 1861.71, "end": 1864.63, "text": "Specifically, reason is independent.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-015", "start": 1864.91, "end": 1867.33, "text": "You can, by yourself, reason out things.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-016", "start": 1868.05, "end": 1871.65, "text": "But love requires you to connect with someone else.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-017", "start": 1871.77, "end": 1873.99, "text": "Either your child, your wife,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-018", "start": 1874.25, "end": 1876.21, "text": "your mother, who knows, okay?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-019", "start": 1876.33, "end": 1877.51, "text": "But you must connect with someone else.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-020", "start": 1878.05, "end": 1880.23, "text": "And because of that idea,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-021", "start": 1880.37, "end": 1886.07, "text": "interconnectedness, it puts a restraint on your reason.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-022", "start": 1886.55, "end": 1888.15, "text": "But if you're capable of", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-023", "start": 1888.15, "end": 1890.83, "text": "reasoning by yourself, you can reason anything,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-024", "start": 1891.21, "end": 1894.85, "text": "including concentration camps, nuclear bombs,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0025-chunk-025", "start": 1896.32, "end": 1897.04, "text": "genocide.", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "2712fe831ef759276df1b5c9a50515b06df051dbb9d00ea2396cc94d6e70b13d", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0025", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1818s", "time_label": "30:18", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0026", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026", "start": 1897.04, "end": 1977.83, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Okay? So there's a huge difference between love and reason. And it's really important that the Enlightenment thinkers see reason as the central organizing principle of human society and not love. Okay? So I just want you guys to keep that in mind as we move on. The Enlightenment happened mainly in salons. These are places organized by wealthy, bourgeoisie, women. And these salons were not political. They were mainly designed to learn manners, speech, refinement. Right? Because they're trying to differentiate themselves from the nobility, the clergy, and the peasantry. And one way that they want to do this is through their education, through their knowledge, expertise. Okay? Salons. In Britain, they mainly spread ideas through coffeehouses. Right? Coffeehouses. So the idea of meaning a coffeehouse comes from this period in Britain. So these women, like Madame Labarthe, were the ones who were driving Enlightenment ideas.", "word_count": 147, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-001", "start": 1897.04, "end": 1897.76, "text": "Okay?", "word_count": 1 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-002", "start": 1897.86, "end": 1900.04, "text": "So there's a huge difference between love and reason.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-003", "start": 1901.62, "end": 1908.46, "text": "And it's really important that the Enlightenment thinkers see reason as the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-004", "start": 1908.46, "end": 1912.78, "text": "central organizing principle of human society and not love.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-005", "start": 1912.9, "end": 1916.2, "text": "Okay? So I just want you guys to keep that in mind", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-006", "start": 1916.2, "end": 1916.76, "text": "as we move on.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-007", "start": 1916.96, "end": 1920.66, "text": "The Enlightenment happened mainly in salons.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-008", "start": 1920.86, "end": 1923.88, "text": "These are places organized by wealthy,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-009", "start": 1925.43, "end": 1927.01, "text": "bourgeoisie, women.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-010", "start": 1927.37, "end": 1929.59, "text": "And these salons were not political.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-011", "start": 1929.93, "end": 1934.07, "text": "They were mainly designed to learn manners,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-012", "start": 1934.31, "end": 1936.39, "text": "speech, refinement.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-013", "start": 1936.61, "end": 1939.97, "text": "Right? Because they're trying to differentiate themselves from the nobility,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-014", "start": 1940.09, "end": 1941.41, "text": "the clergy, and the peasantry.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-015", "start": 1941.89, "end": 1944.85, "text": "And one way that they want to do this is through their", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-016", "start": 1944.85, "end": 1948.99, "text": "education, through their knowledge, expertise.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-017", "start": 1949.39, "end": 1950.27, "text": "Okay? Salons.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-018", "start": 1952.87, "end": 1958.23, "text": "In Britain, they mainly spread ideas through coffeehouses.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-019", "start": 1959.37, "end": 1961.45, "text": "Right? Coffeehouses.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-020", "start": 1961.59, "end": 1965.33, "text": "So the idea of meaning a coffeehouse comes from this period in", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-021", "start": 1965.33, "end": 1972.71, "text": "Britain. So these women, like Madame Labarthe,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0026-chunk-022", "start": 1972.81, "end": 1977.83, "text": "were the ones who were driving Enlightenment ideas.", "word_count": 8 } ], "text_sha256": "34f22e2047e435205203acdcfe641fad6a93266a453f2f0448e0334207398488", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0026", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1897s", "time_label": "31:37", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0027", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0027", "start": 1978.71, "end": 2043.293, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Okay? And these salons were places for the leading intellectuals of the time to come and debate ideas. Right? So these were the leading women of that time. All right. So there were, there are lots and lots of Enlightenment thinkers. Because this is a time of literacy. Right? People want to read. There's a marketplace of ideas. So money can be made from writing books. And that's why you have this explosion of ideas, the marketplace of ideas during this time. But now I want to just go through some of the major thinkers of the Enlightenment. Okay? The first major thinker of the Enlightenment is René Descartes. And René Descartes wanted, he is a mathematician. He's a philosopher. He wanted to ask two questions. The first question is, how do we know that God exists? And how do we know the soul exists? Okay, these are the two questions that he is trying to grapple with in his philosophy.", "word_count": 161, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-001", "start": 1978.71, "end": 1983.53, "text": "Okay? And these salons were places for the leading intellectuals of the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-002", "start": 1983.53, "end": 1986.27, "text": "time to come and debate ideas.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-003", "start": 1986.97, "end": 1992.12, "text": "Right? So these were the leading women of that time.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-004", "start": 1992.3, "end": 1992.86, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-005", "start": 1994.14, "end": 1998.24, "text": "So there were, there are lots and lots of Enlightenment thinkers.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-006", "start": 1999.31, "end": 2001.65, "text": "Because this is a time of literacy.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-007", "start": 2001.85, "end": 2002.97, "text": "Right? People want to read.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-008", "start": 2003.21, "end": 2004.59, "text": "There's a marketplace of ideas.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-009", "start": 2005.57, "end": 2008.01, "text": "So money can be made from writing books.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-010", "start": 2008.17, "end": 2010.83, "text": "And that's why you have this explosion of ideas,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-011", "start": 2010.95, "end": 2012.83, "text": "the marketplace of ideas during this time.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-012", "start": 2012.99, "end": 2015.31, "text": "But now I want to just go through some of the major", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-013", "start": 2015.31, "end": 2018.46, "text": "thinkers of the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-014", "start": 2018.58, "end": 2021.9, "text": "Okay? The first major thinker of the Enlightenment is René Descartes.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-015", "start": 2022.58, "end": 2027.73, "text": "And René Descartes wanted, he is a mathematician.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-016", "start": 2027.79, "end": 2028.59, "text": "He's a philosopher.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-017", "start": 2029.49, "end": 2031.59, "text": "He wanted to ask two questions.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-018", "start": 2031.67, "end": 2034.47, "text": "The first question is, how do we know that God exists?", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-019", "start": 2035.92, "end": 2037.96, "text": "And how do we know the soul exists?", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-020", "start": 2038.16, "end": 2042.08, "text": "Okay, these are the two questions that he is trying to grapple", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-021", "start": 2042.08, "end": 2043.02, "text": "with in his", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0027-chunk-022", "start": 2043.02, "end": 2043.293, "text": "philosophy.", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "4c27812458506327f8efad74086ad80c5b066686777ab32f8f189212acbdd151", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0027", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=1978s", "time_label": "32:58", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0028", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "start": 2043.293, "end": 2104.78, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "And he wrote a book called Meditations on the First Philosophy. This is a really, really important book in development of Western civilization. We will be referring to this book quite often for the rest of the semester. So I want you guys to remember this book, Meditations on the First Philosophy. And so he's asking these questions. And let's read a few paragraphs from his book to understand his thinking. It is some years now since I realized how many false opinions I had accepted as true from childhood and that whatever I had since built on such shaky foundations could only be hardly doubtful. All right. So what he's doing here is saying, okay, I want to know if God exists. But first I must ask myself, what do I believe? And how do I know if it's true or not? I must look inside myself. All right. Hence, I saw that at some stage in my", "word_count": 159, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-001", "start": 2043.293, "end": 2046.3, "text": "And he wrote a book called Meditations on the First Philosophy.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-002", "start": 2046.48, "end": 2051.38, "text": "This is a really, really important book in development of Western civilization.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-003", "start": 2052.06, "end": 2056.7, "text": "We will be referring to this book quite often for the rest", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-004", "start": 2056.7, "end": 2057.16, "text": "of the semester.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-005", "start": 2057.4, "end": 2058.5, "text": "So I want you guys to remember this book,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-006", "start": 2058.56, "end": 2060.2, "text": "Meditations on the First Philosophy.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-007", "start": 2060.9, "end": 2063.52, "text": "And so he's asking these questions.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-008", "start": 2064.18, "end": 2069.42, "text": "And let's read a few paragraphs from his book to understand his", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-009", "start": 2069.42, "end": 2074.3, "text": "thinking. It is some years now since I realized how many false", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-010", "start": 2074.3, "end": 2079.96, "text": "opinions I had accepted as true from childhood and that whatever I", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-011", "start": 2079.96, "end": 2084.76, "text": "had since built on such shaky foundations could only be hardly doubtful.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-012", "start": 2084.96, "end": 2085.4, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-013", "start": 2085.8, "end": 2088.58, "text": "So what he's doing here is saying,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-014", "start": 2088.84, "end": 2090.1, "text": "okay, I want to know if God exists.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-015", "start": 2090.58, "end": 2092.46, "text": "But first I must ask myself,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-016", "start": 2092.96, "end": 2094.18, "text": "what do I believe?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-017", "start": 2094.76, "end": 2096.8, "text": "And how do I know if it's true or not?", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-018", "start": 2097, "end": 2098.44, "text": "I must look inside myself.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-019", "start": 2099.22, "end": 2099.84, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0028-chunk-020", "start": 2102.86, "end": 2104.78, "text": "Hence, I saw that at some stage in my", "word_count": 9 } ], "text_sha256": "2db2da0b058dc0cccb2172507aa91751597ffde82a6afd626287272245d43ccc", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0028", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2043s", "time_label": "34:03", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0029", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "start": 2104.78, "end": 2160.11, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "life, the whole structure would have to be utterly demolished and that I would have to begin again from the bottom up if I wish to construct something lasting and unshakable in the sciences. And what he's saying here is that after I examine my own beliefs, I recognize that most of my beliefs are not true. Okay. This is a radical departure from previous traditions where you know something is true because someone really smart said it. Okay. You defer to authority, right? That's a practice here we use in China where, well, Confucius said this, so this must be true. And what René Descartes is saying is that, no, that's not true. Okay. I myself have the capacity to know if something is true and I have a responsibility to reflect and question everything I know. And through that process of self -doubt, self -examination, I can construct something that is more truthful. Okay.", "word_count": 156, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0029-chunk-001", "start": 2104.78, "end": 2108.56, "text": "life, the whole structure would have to be utterly demolished and that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0029-chunk-002", "start": 2108.56, "end": 2111.22, "text": "I would have to begin again from the bottom up if I", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0029-chunk-003", "start": 2111.22, "end": 2114.2, "text": "wish to construct something lasting and unshakable in the sciences.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0029-chunk-004", "start": 2115.29, "end": 2119.06, "text": "And what he's saying here is that after I examine my own", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0029-chunk-005", "start": 2119.06, "end": 2122.94, "text": "beliefs, I recognize that most of my beliefs are not true.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0029-chunk-006", "start": 2123.52, "end": 2128.18, "text": "Okay. 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All right. And this is the idea of education. You know, when we try to teach you critical thinking skills, this is what we're trying to do. Okay. Trying to get you to question things so that you may construct a more eternal truth. All right. But this seemed to be a massive task and so I postponed it until I had reached the age when one is as fit as one would ever be to master the various disciplines. So to get to this point, you also have to go through a long process of education. Okay. You just can't be like, okay, I'm going to do this right now. You have to first learn these beliefs and then you have to go back and then re -examine these beliefs. I've delayed so long that now I should be at fault if I use up and deliberating the time that is left for acting. The moment", "word_count": 164, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0030-chunk-001", "start": 2160.11, "end": 2161.59, "text": "And this is the idea of enlightenment.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0030-chunk-002", "start": 2162.83, "end": 2163.37, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0030-chunk-003", "start": 2163.41, "end": 2164.55, "text": "And this is the idea of education.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0030-chunk-004", "start": 2164.95, "end": 2167.35, "text": "You know, when we try to teach you critical thinking skills,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0030-chunk-005", "start": 2167.57, "end": 2168.67, "text": "this is what we're trying to do.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0030-chunk-006", "start": 2168.69, "end": 2172.2, "text": "Okay. 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I've withdrawn into seclusion and shall at last be able to devote myself seriously without encumbrance to the task of destroying all my former opinions. Okay. What he's doing here is saying that for me to discover the truth, I just have to rely solely on my reason, not debate, not talking to others, not reading old books, but by self -examination. Okay. And so this is the beginning of the book. We will read other sections later on in the semester, but this is the introduction. Okay. So this project is a process of self -examination. And through this self -examination, what he discovers is everything is false. How do we know the sky is blue? How do we know the sky exists? We don't. 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It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. So what do I know to be true? Doubt is true. I doubt. Therefore, I am. Right. You know the expression, I think. Therefore, I am. Right. It's actually, I doubt. Therefore, I am. The Latin is.", "word_count": 73, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0032-chunk-001", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2271.06, "text": "I don't.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0032-chunk-002", "start": 2271.89, "end": 2273.57, "text": "It's a constant process of self -negation.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0032-chunk-003", "start": 2273.81, "end": 2280.13, "text": "Okay. 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And that is who I am. Therefore, I exist. And so the capacity to doubt is my soul. Right. Now, how do I know that God exists? Well, if God didn't exist, then I would not have the capacity to doubt. Right. Someone must have given me the capacity to doubt, and that must be God, whoever God is. But now, how do I know that God is good? Right. Because God could be a trickster. God could be the devil. And God could be deceiving me. And my capacity to doubt will only lead me into error. Okay. So that's the question he asks now. And then he says, well, because God is perfect. If you are perfect, you are incapable of fault. Therefore, I know God is good. Okay. And obviously, this makes no logical sense. This is not logical. 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So that's the question he asks now.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0034-chunk-018", "start": 2352.83, "end": 2354.51, "text": "And then he says, well,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0034-chunk-019", "start": 2355.37, "end": 2356.51, "text": "because God is perfect.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0034-chunk-020", "start": 2357.28, "end": 2360.04, "text": "If you are perfect, you are incapable of fault.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0034-chunk-021", "start": 2361.48, "end": 2364.08, "text": "Therefore, I know God is good.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0034-chunk-022", "start": 2364.62, "end": 2368.18, "text": "Okay. 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Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world. To doubt, to reason. And he's saying that the idea of reason is the most powerful force in the world. More powerful than the church. More powerful than dogma. More powerful than society itself. Okay. Our individual capacity to reason is what matters. It is what allows us to have access to God. Does that make sense? Right. So this is one of the major ideas underpinning the Enlightenment. All right. Now let's move on to Goethe. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He is considered the greatest German writer of all time. And he wrote a book called Faust. Okay. Faust. And we'll just read a few passages from Faust. But Faust is also a very quintessential Enlightenment work of art.", "word_count": 158, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-001", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2373.2, "text": "Right. God is perfect.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-002", "start": 2373.44, "end": 2374.7, "text": "Therefore, I know God is good.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-003", "start": 2374.82, "end": 2375.78, "text": "God is good.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-004", "start": 2376.06, "end": 2377.04, "text": "Therefore, he's perfect.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-005", "start": 2377.16, "end": 2377.98, "text": "Okay. It makes no sense.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-006", "start": 2378.5, "end": 2385.72, "text": "But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-007", "start": 2385.72, "end": 2387.66, "text": "our assumptions about the world.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-008", "start": 2387.84, "end": 2389.62, "text": "To doubt, to reason.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-009", "start": 2389.8, "end": 2394.92, "text": "And he's saying that the idea of reason is the most powerful", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-010", "start": 2394.92, "end": 2395.72, "text": "force in the world.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-011", "start": 2396, "end": 2397.56, "text": "More powerful than the church.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-012", "start": 2397.76, "end": 2399.74, "text": "More powerful than dogma.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-013", "start": 2399.86, "end": 2401.5, "text": "More powerful than society itself.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-014", "start": 2401.86, "end": 2405.52, "text": "Okay. Our individual capacity to reason is what matters.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-015", "start": 2405.88, "end": 2408.12, "text": "It is what allows us to have access to God.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-016", "start": 2409.11, "end": 2409.83, "text": "Does that make sense?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-017", "start": 2410.01, "end": 2414.61, "text": "Right. So this is one of the major ideas underpinning the Enlightenment.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-018", "start": 2415.22, "end": 2415.98, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-019", "start": 2416, "end": 2417.28, "text": "Now let's move on to Goethe.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-020", "start": 2417.56, "end": 2420.34, "text": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-021", "start": 2421.7, "end": 2427.49, "text": "He is considered the greatest German writer of all time.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-022", "start": 2428.11, "end": 2431.83, "text": "And he wrote a book called Faust.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-023", "start": 2432.6, "end": 2434.32, "text": "Okay. Faust.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-024", "start": 2434.96, "end": 2437.42, "text": "And we'll just read a few passages from Faust.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0035-chunk-025", "start": 2437.56, "end": 2442.86, "text": "But Faust is also a very quintessential Enlightenment work of art.", "word_count": 11 } ], "text_sha256": "9878f1945e105593b63e028e569f96c4d5434ff0c3f95d0207540412deb8c664", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0035", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2371s", "time_label": "39:31", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0036", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0036", "start": 2442.92, "end": 2506.06, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Okay. And so Faust the book of Faust it's based on another book called the book of Job which we find in the Bible. In the book of Job it's about this very pious individual who is very faithful to God. Okay. He's very wealthy. He has a lot of children. He's very happy. And he's very devout. He prays to God all the time. He makes sacrifice to God all the time. He gives he's very he's very generous. He has a lot of friends. One day God is in heaven. And he has a meeting with Satan. Okay. Satan in the Bible means adversary. So Satan is actually an archangel. An agent of God who roams the planet. And God is very proud of Job. And he says to Satan have you seen Job? Do you see how faithful he is to me? He's very proud. And Satan says God he's only faithful to you because Okay. You take away his money.", "word_count": 164, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-001", "start": 2442.92, "end": 2448.94, "text": "Okay. 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He's very wealthy.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-006", "start": 2461.14, "end": 2462.24, "text": "He has a lot of children.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-007", "start": 2462.56, "end": 2463.5, "text": "He's very happy.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-008", "start": 2463.64, "end": 2464.52, "text": "And he's very devout.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-009", "start": 2464.58, "end": 2465.9, "text": "He prays to God all the time.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-010", "start": 2466.2, "end": 2468.46, "text": "He makes sacrifice to God all the time.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-011", "start": 2468.6, "end": 2470.22, "text": "He gives he's very he's very generous.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-012", "start": 2470.32, "end": 2470.9, "text": "He has a lot of friends.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-013", "start": 2472.16, "end": 2473.56, "text": "One day God is in heaven.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-014", "start": 2473.56, "end": 2476.28, "text": "And he has a meeting with Satan.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-015", "start": 2476.42, "end": 2478.3, "text": "Okay. Satan in the Bible means adversary.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-016", "start": 2478.6, "end": 2480.62, "text": "So Satan is actually an archangel.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-017", "start": 2480.76, "end": 2483.8, "text": "An agent of God who roams the planet.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-018", "start": 2484.49, "end": 2488.71, "text": "And God is very proud of Job.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-019", "start": 2488.91, "end": 2493.34, "text": "And he says to Satan have you seen Job?", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-020", "start": 2493.54, "end": 2496.76, "text": "Do you see how faithful he is to me?", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-021", "start": 2497.06, "end": 2497.98, "text": "He's very proud.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-022", "start": 2498.3, "end": 2504.46, "text": "And Satan says God he's only faithful to you because Okay.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-023", "start": 2505, "end": 2505.44, "text": "You", "word_count": 1 }, { "id": "seg-0036-chunk-024", "start": 2505.44, "end": 2506.06, "text": "take away his money.", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "0f5fb222fe5ab5f797f207d8a64b28ee5a1c32afbf6e53962e62a649ac3ba899", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0036", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2442s", "time_label": "40:42", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0037", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "start": 2506.22, "end": 2566.71, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "You take away his children. And he will curse you. And God says fine. I make you this bet. You can do anything you you can do anything you want to him. But you must not kill him. Okay. That's the only condition. So Satan basically makes Job's life a living hell. All his children die in accidents. He loses all his money. He becomes infected with diseases. He's old. He's and eventually he curses God. And he's like why is God doing this to me? And then God appears before him and says how dare you question me God? I create the world. What have you done with your life? Okay. But basically God calls him for a long long time and curses Job. And says you as a human being have absolutely no right to ever doubt to ever question me. I can do whatever I want. I'm God. I'm a mystery. Do not ever think you can understand me.", "word_count": 162, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-001", "start": 2506.22, "end": 2508.32, "text": "You take away his children.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-002", "start": 2508.46, "end": 2510.04, "text": "And he will curse you.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-003", "start": 2510.36, "end": 2512.2, "text": "And God says fine.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-004", "start": 2512.4, "end": 2513.12, "text": "I make you this bet.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-005", "start": 2513.86, "end": 2516.2, "text": "You can do anything you you can do anything you want to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-006", "start": 2516.2, "end": 2518.2, "text": "him. But you must not kill him.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-007", "start": 2518.28, "end": 2518.88, "text": "Okay. That's the only condition.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-008", "start": 2519.5, "end": 2524.9, "text": "So Satan basically makes Job's life a living hell.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-009", "start": 2525.4, "end": 2526.88, "text": "All his children die in accidents.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-010", "start": 2527.16, "end": 2528.06, "text": "He loses all his money.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-011", "start": 2528.26, "end": 2530.14, "text": "He becomes infected with diseases.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-012", "start": 2530.38, "end": 2531.06, "text": "He's old.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-013", "start": 2531.44, "end": 2534.18, "text": "He's and eventually he curses God.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-014", "start": 2534.76, "end": 2537.46, "text": "And he's like why is God doing this to me?", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-015", "start": 2537.6, "end": 2542.76, "text": "And then God appears before him and says how dare you question", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-016", "start": 2542.76, "end": 2544.02, "text": "me God?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-017", "start": 2544.86, "end": 2546.06, "text": "I create the world.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-018", "start": 2546.2, "end": 2547.4, "text": "What have you done with your life?", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-019", "start": 2547.52, "end": 2550.08, "text": "Okay. But basically God calls him for a long long time and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-020", "start": 2550.08, "end": 2550.64, "text": "curses Job.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-021", "start": 2550.92, "end": 2555.44, "text": "And says you as a human being have absolutely no right to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-022", "start": 2555.44, "end": 2558.74, "text": "ever doubt to ever question me.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-023", "start": 2558.74, "end": 2560.18, "text": "I can do whatever I want.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-024", "start": 2560.3, "end": 2560.78, "text": "I'm God.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-025", "start": 2560.96, "end": 2561.88, "text": "I'm a mystery.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-026", "start": 2563.36, "end": 2564.08, "text": "Do not", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0037-chunk-027", "start": 2564.08, "end": 2566.71, "text": "ever think you can understand me.", "word_count": 6 } ], "text_sha256": "93f6d582f45be12b3274509988cbe213f66c24a998ca4c2cd82d1bde16c0424b", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0037", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2506s", "time_label": "41:46", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0038", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2631.82, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Do not ever believe you can question me. Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and wealth. Okay. So it's a very strange story. And it's one that is meant to inspire fear among people. And so what God does that's really interesting is that he reimagines the story of Job and turns it into a much more confident optimistic story that captures the spirit of the enlightenment. Okay. Does that make sense? The story goes like this. Phos, he is a professor. He loves learning. He's very curious. But what he recognizes is that despite all his book learning he doesn't really have access to the truth. He's not really learning new information new knowledge. He doesn't feel as though he's accessing God. So he tries magic. One day the Satan and Satan's name here in Phos is named Mephistopheles. Okay. Mephistopheles talks to God and Mephistopheles says to", "word_count": 154, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-001", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2568.95, "text": "Do not ever believe you can question me.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-002", "start": 2569.07, "end": 2574.09, "text": "Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-003", "start": 2574.09, "end": 2575.21, "text": "wealth. Okay.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-004", "start": 2575.31, "end": 2576.81, "text": "So it's a very strange story.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-005", "start": 2577.25, "end": 2583.09, "text": "And it's one that is meant to inspire fear among people.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-006", "start": 2583.65, "end": 2589.11, "text": "And so what God does that's really interesting is that he reimagines", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-007", "start": 2589.11, "end": 2593.41, "text": "the story of Job and turns it into a much more confident", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-008", "start": 2593.41, "end": 2597.03, "text": "optimistic story that captures the spirit of the enlightenment.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-009", "start": 2597.45, "end": 2598.27, "text": "Okay. Does that make sense?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-010", "start": 2598.45, "end": 2599.41, "text": "The story goes like this.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-011", "start": 2600.26, "end": 2602, "text": "Phos, he is a professor.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-012", "start": 2602.34, "end": 2603.5, "text": "He loves learning.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-013", "start": 2603.66, "end": 2604.38, "text": "He's very curious.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-014", "start": 2604.86, "end": 2609.91, "text": "But what he recognizes is that despite all his book learning he", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-015", "start": 2609.91, "end": 2611.99, "text": "doesn't really have access to the truth.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-016", "start": 2612.19, "end": 2615.43, "text": "He's not really learning new information new knowledge.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-017", "start": 2615.59, "end": 2617.69, "text": "He doesn't feel as though he's accessing God.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-018", "start": 2617.69, "end": 2618.93, "text": "So he tries magic.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-019", "start": 2621.3, "end": 2625.7, "text": "One day the Satan and Satan's name here in Phos is named", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-020", "start": 2626.36, "end": 2626.96, "text": "Mephistopheles. Okay.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0038-chunk-021", "start": 2627, "end": 2631.82, "text": "Mephistopheles talks to God and Mephistopheles says to", "word_count": 8 } ], "text_sha256": "f43489c64a1d03111f7a13a2a5a4a46f5726abe04184e6bc415dea4b5f6203b9", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0038", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2566s", "time_label": "42:46", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0039", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0039", "start": 2631.82, "end": 2689.25, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "God you know what the worst thing you ever did was allow humans the capacity to reason. Because you're idiots. You're stupid. If you're stupid and you can reason all it does is confuse you and make you unhappy. And then God is like well have you met Phos? Phos is my favorite person in the whole world because he's curious he loves learning. Eventually through the process of self exploration he will discover the truth. He will get there. I have faith in Phos. And Mephistopheles says fine I'll make you a bet. I bet you I can make him complacent. I bet you that I can make him not want to learn anymore to lose his curiosity. And if I win this bet then Phos will become my servant. Okay? His soul will be will be mine. I will damn him to hell for eternity. Okay? And that's a bet. All right. So let's look at some passages.", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-001", "start": 2631.82, "end": 2636.46, "text": "God you know what the worst thing you ever did was allow", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-002", "start": 2636.46, "end": 2638.04, "text": "humans the capacity to reason.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-003", "start": 2638.26, "end": 2639.36, "text": "Because you're idiots.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-004", "start": 2639.44, "end": 2640, "text": "You're stupid.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-005", "start": 2640.24, "end": 2643.2, "text": "If you're stupid and you can reason all it does is confuse", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-006", "start": 2643.2, "end": 2644.02, "text": "you and make you unhappy.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-007", "start": 2644.81, "end": 2648.9, "text": "And then God is like well have you met Phos?", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-008", "start": 2649.66, "end": 2653.52, "text": "Phos is my favorite person in the whole world because he's curious", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-009", "start": 2653.52, "end": 2654.56, "text": "he loves learning.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-010", "start": 2655.36, "end": 2660.16, "text": "Eventually through the process of self exploration he will discover the truth.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-011", "start": 2660.36, "end": 2661.34, "text": "He will get there.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-012", "start": 2661.42, "end": 2663.32, "text": "I have faith in Phos.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-013", "start": 2664.32, "end": 2667.5, "text": "And Mephistopheles says fine I'll make you a bet.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-014", "start": 2667.64, "end": 2669.74, "text": "I bet you I can make him complacent.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-015", "start": 2670.04, "end": 2673.52, "text": "I bet you that I can make him not want to learn", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-016", "start": 2673.52, "end": 2674.9, "text": "anymore to lose his curiosity.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-017", "start": 2675.32, "end": 2679.44, "text": "And if I win this bet then Phos will become my servant.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-018", "start": 2679.62, "end": 2682.04, "text": "Okay? His soul will be will be mine.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-019", "start": 2682.26, "end": 2684.96, "text": "I will damn him to hell for eternity.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-020", "start": 2685.14, "end": 2685.86, "text": "Okay? And that's a bet.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-021", "start": 2686.87, "end": 2687.49, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0039-chunk-022", "start": 2687.87, "end": 2689.25, "text": "So let's look at some passages.", "word_count": 6 } ], "text_sha256": "268de01bc70ac7a309f992ca070f0be57f13851d4234507b548480d1269e374c", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0039", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2631s", "time_label": "43:51", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0040", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040", "start": 2689.51, "end": 2750.97, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "This is Mephistopheles saying to God their lives will be a little easier if you not let them glimpse the light of heaven. They call it reason and employ it only to be more bestial than any beast. Okay. What's important for us to remember is that here Goethe is invoking Dante. Right? Remember Dante in the Divine Comedy says that love is the light of heaven. And here Goethe and the Enlightenment thinkers are saying that no, it's reason that is the light of heaven. In fact in many ways Phos is a rewriting of the Divine Comedy. Right? So Mephistopheles is saying to God reason is bad because it makes people who are stupid more confused. And then God says do you know Phos? And then Mephistopheles says the doctor the Lord says and my servant my favorite person in the whole world Mephistopheles indeed he serves you in a curious way the fool is not content with", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-001", "start": 2689.51, "end": 2692.69, "text": "This is Mephistopheles saying to God their lives will be a little", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-002", "start": 2692.69, "end": 2696.17, "text": "easier if you not let them glimpse the light of heaven.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-003", "start": 2696.37, "end": 2700.13, "text": "They call it reason and employ it only to be more bestial", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-004", "start": 2700.13, "end": 2700.99, "text": "than any beast.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-005", "start": 2701.17, "end": 2705.99, "text": "Okay. What's important for us to remember is that here Goethe is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-006", "start": 2705.99, "end": 2706.93, "text": "invoking Dante.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-007", "start": 2707.31, "end": 2712.27, "text": "Right? Remember Dante in the Divine Comedy says that love is the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-008", "start": 2712.27, "end": 2712.77, "text": "light of heaven.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-009", "start": 2713.24, "end": 2717.66, "text": "And here Goethe and the Enlightenment thinkers are saying that no,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-010", "start": 2717.66, "end": 2721.34, "text": "it's reason that is the light of heaven.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-011", "start": 2721.52, "end": 2724.24, "text": "In fact in many ways Phos is a rewriting of the Divine", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-012", "start": 2724.24, "end": 2725.7, "text": "Comedy. Right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-013", "start": 2725.78, "end": 2729.96, "text": "So Mephistopheles is saying to God reason is bad because it makes", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-014", "start": 2730.4, "end": 2733.06, "text": "people who are stupid more confused.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-015", "start": 2736.07, "end": 2738.71, "text": "And then God says do you know Phos?", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-016", "start": 2738.97, "end": 2742.79, "text": "And then Mephistopheles says the doctor the Lord says and my servant", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-017", "start": 2742.79, "end": 2748.29, "text": "my favorite person in the whole world Mephistopheles indeed he serves you", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0040-chunk-018", "start": 2748.29, "end": 2750.97, "text": "in a curious way the fool is not content with", "word_count": 10 } ], "text_sha256": "e360678b153ac9b8078e2dd8a23647f7d44acee49b25a1e6d807eba093edfd97", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0040", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2689s", "time_label": "44:49", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0041", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. And Mephistopheles makes fun of him because he'll never get there. Okay? From heaven he claims as his the brightest stars and from the earth all of its highest joys but nothing near and nothing far away can satisfy a heart so deeply agitated. Okay? He's just too curious he can't be satisfied. And the God says though now he only serves me blindly and ineptly I shall soon lead him into clarity the gardener knows when the sapling turns green the blossoms and fruit will brighten future years. Okay? So God is saying if he continues to be curious eventually I God will lead him into the light. Okay? So what's important for us as humans is to be curious and that's how we show our faith in God.", "word_count": 166, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-001", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2755.49, "text": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-002", "start": 2755.49, "end": 2757.93, "text": "yet he's half conscious of his father.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-003", "start": 2758.07, "end": 2763.93, "text": "Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-004", "start": 2763.93, "end": 2765.87, "text": "his curiosity and his imagination.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-005", "start": 2767.6, "end": 2770.92, "text": "And Mephistopheles makes fun of him because he'll never get there.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-006", "start": 2771.44, "end": 2778.44, "text": "Okay? From heaven he claims as his the brightest stars and from", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-007", "start": 2778.44, "end": 2781.64, "text": "the earth all of its highest joys but nothing near and nothing", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-008", "start": 2781.64, "end": 2784.54, "text": "far away can satisfy a heart so deeply agitated.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-009", "start": 2784.68, "end": 2786.78, "text": "Okay? He's just too curious he can't be satisfied.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-010", "start": 2787.72, "end": 2792.06, "text": "And the God says though now he only serves me blindly and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-011", "start": 2792.06, "end": 2797.06, "text": "ineptly I shall soon lead him into clarity the gardener knows when", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-012", "start": 2797.06, "end": 2801.12, "text": "the sapling turns green the blossoms and fruit will brighten future years.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-013", "start": 2801.4, "end": 2806.85, "text": "Okay? So God is saying if he continues to be curious eventually", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-014", "start": 2806.85, "end": 2810.15, "text": "I God will lead him into the light.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-015", "start": 2810.31, "end": 2814.89, "text": "Okay? So what's important for us as humans is to be curious", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-016", "start": 2814.89, "end": 2815.83, "text": "and that's how", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0041-chunk-017", "start": 2815.83, "end": 2817.17, "text": "we show our faith in God.", "word_count": 6 } ], "text_sha256": "7ad2fd0d527a85c9080bb812b408c46445f5ec6d9ac7b9a8c7f5b51295dc7a90", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0041", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2750s", "time_label": "45:50", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0042", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0042", "start": 2817.82, "end": 2875.32, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Alright? Now so Mephistopheles and Phos meet and Mephistopheles says to Phos listen I know you want to know the truth about the world I want I know you want to experience the whole world but you can't do it by yourself so I will help you okay? I will grant you the knowledge of the world but if at any point you become complacent you stop striving you're happy with the way things are you're happy with the moment then you will become my servant is that a deal Phos? And Phos says sure because Phos does not believe that he can ever lose his curiosity okay? So what happens is all these strange events where Phos falls in love with a maiden named Gretchen and Gretchen falls in love with him and they try to have sex but the mother gets in the way so Phos has Gretchen kill the mother the", "word_count": 154, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-001", "start": 2817.82, "end": 2826, "text": "Alright? Now so Mephistopheles and Phos meet and Mephistopheles says to Phos", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-002", "start": 2826, "end": 2828.74, "text": "listen I know you want to know the truth about the world", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-003", "start": 2828.74, "end": 2831.94, "text": "I want I know you want to experience the whole world but", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-004", "start": 2831.94, "end": 2834.5, "text": "you can't do it by yourself so I will help you okay?", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-005", "start": 2834.58, "end": 2838.54, "text": "I will grant you the knowledge of the world but if at", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-006", "start": 2838.54, "end": 2843.64, "text": "any point you become complacent you stop striving you're happy with the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-007", "start": 2843.64, "end": 2847.94, "text": "way things are you're happy with the moment then you will become", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-008", "start": 2847.94, "end": 2849.82, "text": "my servant is that a deal Phos?", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-009", "start": 2849.92, "end": 2853.44, "text": "And Phos says sure because Phos does not believe that he can", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-010", "start": 2853.44, "end": 2856.26, "text": "ever lose his curiosity okay?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-011", "start": 2856.66, "end": 2862.46, "text": "So what happens is all these strange events where Phos falls in", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-012", "start": 2862.46, "end": 2866.28, "text": "love with a maiden named Gretchen and Gretchen falls in love with", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-013", "start": 2866.28, "end": 2870.88, "text": "him and they try to have sex but the mother gets in", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0042-chunk-014", "start": 2870.88, "end": 2875.32, "text": "the way so Phos has Gretchen kill the mother the", "word_count": 10 } ], "text_sha256": "4660ccebd96261922278a282f788e7d382e3f21615f63d7d055084a84263557a", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0042", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2817s", "time_label": "46:57", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0043", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0043", "start": 2875.32, "end": 2939.81, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "brother finds out and tries to kill Phos Phos kills the brother Gretchen is pregnant and then has to kill the baby because Phos has disappeared and then Gretchen basically dies in prison okay? So it sounds terrible but what happens is that eventually Gretchen forgives Phos because Gretchen goes to heaven and then Phos has more adventures he becomes a servant to the king he builds a lot of roads and a lot of cities he marries Helena of Troy he goes back and he's that happen okay? But what's happening is that he's experiencing life for all for all its potential for its all its possibilities and so as he gets older he's about to die and Mephistopheles comes to collect his soul okay? and this is the last speech of thoughts before he dies. A swamp lies there below the hill, infecting everything I've done. My last and greatest act of will succeeds when that foul pool is gone.", "word_count": 162, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-001", "start": 2875.32, "end": 2879.04, "text": "brother finds out and tries to kill Phos Phos kills the brother", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-002", "start": 2879.7, "end": 2883.76, "text": "Gretchen is pregnant and then has to kill the baby because Phos", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-003", "start": 2883.76, "end": 2887.64, "text": "has disappeared and then Gretchen basically dies in prison okay?", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-004", "start": 2887.82, "end": 2893.98, "text": "So it sounds terrible but what happens is that eventually Gretchen forgives", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-005", "start": 2893.98, "end": 2898.3, "text": "Phos because Gretchen goes to heaven and then Phos has more adventures", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-006", "start": 2898.3, "end": 2904.98, "text": "he becomes a servant to the king he builds a lot of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-007", "start": 2904.98, "end": 2908.4, "text": "roads and a lot of cities he marries Helena of Troy he", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-008", "start": 2908.4, "end": 2911.44, "text": "goes back and he's that happen okay?", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-009", "start": 2911.64, "end": 2916.06, "text": "But what's happening is that he's experiencing life for all for all", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-010", "start": 2916.06, "end": 2920.5, "text": "its potential for its all its possibilities and so as he gets", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-011", "start": 2920.5, "end": 2924.38, "text": "older he's about to die and Mephistopheles comes to collect his soul", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-012", "start": 2924.38, "end": 2930.4, "text": "okay? and this is the last speech of thoughts before he dies.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-013", "start": 2931.15, "end": 2933.55, "text": "A swamp lies there below the hill,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-014", "start": 2933.69, "end": 2935.29, "text": "infecting everything I've done.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-015", "start": 2935.45, "end": 2939.37, "text": "My last and greatest act of will succeeds when that foul pool", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0043-chunk-016", "start": 2939.37, "end": 2939.81, "text": "is gone.", "word_count": 2 } ], "text_sha256": "473213ab66bed3137b87ca75c8a6ca4917de86486938017fb4c9f40a430494ba", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0043", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2875s", "time_label": "47:55", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0044", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0044", "start": 2940.07, "end": 3000.03, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Okay, so he is an architect, and he is an urban planner working for the government. He's a civil servant, basically. And his job is to make the city much more livable for people, okay? To help civilize the world. And he's seeking pride in his work. Succeeds when that foul pool is gone, okay? Let me make room for many a million. Okay, let me make space for more people. Not wholly secure, but free to work on. Green fertile fields where men and herds may gain swift comfort from the new -made earth. Quickly settled in those hills embrace. Piled high by a brave industrial race. And in the center here, a paradise, whose boundaries hold back the raging tide, and though it gnaws to enter in by force, the common earth unites to hold its course, okay? So he's seeking pride in all that he's accomplished and that he will accomplish, okay? He's seeking pride in this moment, when he's actively contributing to the betterment of civilization.", "word_count": 170, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-001", "start": 2940.07, "end": 2941.71, "text": "Okay, so he is an architect,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-002", "start": 2941.93, "end": 2944.37, "text": "and he is an urban planner working for the government.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-003", "start": 2944.45, "end": 2945.31, "text": "He's a civil servant, basically.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-004", "start": 2945.49, "end": 2949.11, "text": "And his job is to make the city much more livable for", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-005", "start": 2949.11, "end": 2949.63, "text": "people, okay?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-006", "start": 2949.89, "end": 2951.83, "text": "To help civilize the world.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-007", "start": 2952.21, "end": 2953.89, "text": "And he's seeking pride in his work.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-008", "start": 2956.42, "end": 2957.98, "text": "Succeeds when that foul pool is gone,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-009", "start": 2958.1, "end": 2960.24, "text": "okay? Let me make room for many a million.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-010", "start": 2960.42, "end": 2963.38, "text": "Okay, let me make space for more people.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-011", "start": 2964.38, "end": 2966.8, "text": "Not wholly secure, but free to work on.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-012", "start": 2966.96, "end": 2971.58, "text": "Green fertile fields where men and herds may gain swift comfort from", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-013", "start": 2971.58, "end": 2972.42, "text": "the new -made earth.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-014", "start": 2972.74, "end": 2975.14, "text": "Quickly settled in those hills embrace.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-015", "start": 2975.62, "end": 2978.18, "text": "Piled high by a brave industrial race.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-016", "start": 2978.4, "end": 2979.84, "text": "And in the center here,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-017", "start": 2979.96, "end": 2983.16, "text": "a paradise, whose boundaries hold back the raging tide,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-018", "start": 2983.42, "end": 2986, "text": "and though it gnaws to enter in by force,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-019", "start": 2986.18, "end": 2988.44, "text": "the common earth unites to hold its course,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-020", "start": 2988.58, "end": 2991.78, "text": "okay? So he's seeking pride in all that he's accomplished and that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-021", "start": 2991.78, "end": 2993.66, "text": "he will accomplish, okay?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-022", "start": 2993.8, "end": 2994.42, "text": "He's seeking pride", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0044-chunk-023", "start": 2994.42, "end": 3000.03, "text": "in this moment, when he's actively contributing to the betterment of civilization.", "word_count": 12 } ], "text_sha256": "66209234523807b30497bb3ba648f842773a9d76df7d082e4f0517561a341267", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0044", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=2940s", "time_label": "49:00", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0045", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "start": 3001.33, "end": 3062.335, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "But because he's seeking pride in this moment, he's now lost a bet to Mephistopheles, right? He's now become complacent. He wants to live in the moment. You can't do that. Yes, I've surrendered to this thought's insistence, the last word wisdom ever has to say. He only earns his freedom in the existence forced to win them freshly every day. Childhood, manhood, age, vigorous years, surrounded by dangers, they'll spend here. I wish to gaze again on such a land, free earth, where free race and freedom stand, okay? So to be alive means to constantly struggle to progress things, okay? And this is it. Then to the moment I dared say, stay awhile, you are so lovely. He wants to stay in this moment forever. Through eons, then, never to fade away, this path of mine, through all that's earthly, anticipating here its deep enjoyment. Now I savor it, that highest moment, okay?", "word_count": 155, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-001", "start": 3001.33, "end": 3003.79, "text": "But because he's seeking pride in this moment,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-002", "start": 3004.29, "end": 3006.47, "text": "he's now lost a bet to Mephistopheles,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-003", "start": 3006.57, "end": 3008.11, "text": "right? He's now become complacent.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-004", "start": 3008.15, "end": 3009.23, "text": "He wants to live in the moment.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-005", "start": 3009.43, "end": 3010.41, "text": "You can't do that.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-006", "start": 3014.12, "end": 3016.46, "text": "Yes, I've surrendered to this thought's insistence,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-007", "start": 3016.52, "end": 3018.58, "text": "the last word wisdom ever has to say.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-008", "start": 3018.7, "end": 3022.4, "text": "He only earns his freedom in the existence forced to win them", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-009", "start": 3022.4, "end": 3023.8, "text": "freshly every day.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-010", "start": 3024.64, "end": 3026.92, "text": "Childhood, manhood, age, vigorous years,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-011", "start": 3027.16, "end": 3029.38, "text": "surrounded by dangers, they'll spend here.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-012", "start": 3029.58, "end": 3031.8, "text": "I wish to gaze again on such a land,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-013", "start": 3032, "end": 3034.68, "text": "free earth, where free race and freedom stand,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-014", "start": 3034.98, "end": 3041.14, "text": "okay? So to be alive means to constantly struggle to progress things,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-015", "start": 3041.5, "end": 3043.46, "text": "okay? And this is it.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-016", "start": 3043.66, "end": 3045.3, "text": "Then to the moment I dared say,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-017", "start": 3045.48, "end": 3047.08, "text": "stay awhile, you are so lovely.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-018", "start": 3047.32, "end": 3049.68, "text": "He wants to stay in this moment forever.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-019", "start": 3049.68, "end": 3053.88, "text": "Through eons, then, never to fade away,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-020", "start": 3054.12, "end": 3056.26, "text": "this path of mine, through all that's earthly,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-021", "start": 3056.56, "end": 3058.84, "text": "anticipating here its deep enjoyment.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-022", "start": 3059.12, "end": 3059.5, "text": "Now", "word_count": 1 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-023", "start": 3059.5, "end": 3061.76, "text": "I savor it, that highest moment,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0045-chunk-024", "start": 3061.88, "end": 3062.335, "text": "okay?", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "fcfa4f470c74db0f31c71d5a957bec85a16d566ca74e2b203a81869fccdd49e4", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0045", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3001s", "time_label": "50:01", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0046", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "start": 3062.335, "end": 3142.5, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "In this moment, when he feels he's contributed to development of society, he feels at peace. He feels fulfilled, okay? And so, the irony is that at this moment, when he's most fulfilled, he's at peace. He should not be damned to hell, right? But, what happens as Mephistopheles is about to claim false soul is, angels appear and steal it from Mephistopheles. Mephistopheles, okay? The angels. Pure incandescence, whom its flames bless. Blissful of goodness is their existence. Gather together, rise now and praise. Spirit can breathe here in pure waves. So God has come to save us. False. They rise carrying away the immortal part of false. False soul is now in heaven. Mephistopheles says, how then? Where did they vanish to? You took me by surprise, you adolescents. Now with what they've salvaged from the tomb as their own prize, they've flown off to heaven. They've stolen a great and unique treasure, that noble soul mortgaged to my pleasure.", "word_count": 162, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-001", "start": 3062.335, "end": 3067.34, "text": "In this moment, when he feels he's contributed to development of", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-002", "start": 3067.34, "end": 3070.48, "text": "society, he feels at peace.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-003", "start": 3070.78, "end": 3074.14, "text": "He feels fulfilled, okay?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-004", "start": 3079.44, "end": 3083.63, "text": "And so, the irony is that at this moment,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-005", "start": 3083.75, "end": 3085.77, "text": "when he's most fulfilled, he's at peace.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-006", "start": 3085.92, "end": 3088.86, "text": "He should not be damned to hell,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-007", "start": 3089, "end": 3098.69, "text": "right? But, what happens as Mephistopheles is about to claim false soul", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-008", "start": 3098.69, "end": 3103.48, "text": "is, angels appear and steal it from Mephistopheles.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-009", "start": 3103.48, "end": 3104.26, "text": "Mephistopheles, okay?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-010", "start": 3104.44, "end": 3105.22, "text": "The angels.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-011", "start": 3105.48, "end": 3108.28, "text": "Pure incandescence, whom its flames bless.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-012", "start": 3108.58, "end": 3110.48, "text": "Blissful of goodness is their existence.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-013", "start": 3110.84, "end": 3112.62, "text": "Gather together, rise now and praise.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-014", "start": 3112.94, "end": 3114.82, "text": "Spirit can breathe here in pure waves.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-015", "start": 3115.54, "end": 3118.94, "text": "So God has come to save us.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-016", "start": 3118.96, "end": 3123.88, "text": "False. They rise carrying away the immortal part of false.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-017", "start": 3124.04, "end": 3126.52, "text": "False soul is now in heaven.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-018", "start": 3127.26, "end": 3128.96, "text": "Mephistopheles says, how then?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-019", "start": 3129.14, "end": 3130.26, "text": "Where did they vanish to?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-020", "start": 3130.38, "end": 3131.56, "text": "You took me by surprise,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-021", "start": 3131.68, "end": 3132.1, "text": "you adolescents.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-022", "start": 3132.5, "end": 3135.88, "text": "Now with what they've salvaged from the tomb as their own prize,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-023", "start": 3136.12, "end": 3137.46, "text": "they've flown off to heaven.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-024", "start": 3137.7, "end": 3139.18, "text": "They've stolen a great and", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0046-chunk-025", "start": 3139.18, "end": 3142.5, "text": "unique treasure, that noble soul mortgaged to my pleasure.", "word_count": 9 } ], "text_sha256": "8de27abc921643e587237b95ba1a463932e8446f72abf31e90910651817b6cac", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0046", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3062s", "time_label": "51:02", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0047", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest work of German literature. And the main message is God loves us. God wants us to be curious. God wants us to explore, to challenge ourselves, to grow. If we do that, God will always protect us, no matter how many stupid things we do, okay? God is ultimately about forgiveness and love and mercy and kindness. Kindness and generosity. So that's a very optimistic and confident view of the world. All right? Any questions so far? Okay, let's move on to Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant is the greatest philosopher who ever lived. We'll be spending a lot of time on Immanuel Kant throughout the semester, okay? So I introduce you to him here.", "word_count": 153, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-001", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3144.62, "text": "They've snatched it away with cunning even,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-002", "start": 3144.76, "end": 3146.96, "text": "but whom could I even complain to anyway,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-003", "start": 3147.22, "end": 3149.86, "text": "okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-004", "start": 3150.75, "end": 3152.51, "text": "But he has no say in the matter,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-005", "start": 3152.69, "end": 3158.32, "text": "okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest work of German", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-006", "start": 3158.32, "end": 3162.43, "text": "literature. And the main message is God loves us.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-007", "start": 3162.69, "end": 3164.33, "text": "God wants us to be curious.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-008", "start": 3164.51, "end": 3166.15, "text": "God wants us to explore,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-009", "start": 3166.51, "end": 3168.49, "text": "to challenge ourselves, to grow.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-010", "start": 3168.77, "end": 3171.75, "text": "If we do that, God will always protect us,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-011", "start": 3171.85, "end": 3174.63, "text": "no matter how many stupid things we do,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-012", "start": 3174.81, "end": 3181.05, "text": "okay? God is ultimately about forgiveness and love and mercy and kindness.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-013", "start": 3181.07, "end": 3181.75, "text": "Kindness and generosity.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-014", "start": 3182.7, "end": 3186.46, "text": "So that's a very optimistic and confident view of the world.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-015", "start": 3187.05, "end": 3187.67, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-016", "start": 3189.49, "end": 3190.59, "text": "Any questions so far?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-017", "start": 3193.84, "end": 3196.22, "text": "Okay, let's move on to Immanuel Kant.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-018", "start": 3196.54, "end": 3200.24, "text": "Immanuel Kant is the greatest philosopher who ever lived.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-019", "start": 3200.64, "end": 3203.14, "text": "We'll be spending a lot of time on Immanuel Kant throughout the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-020", "start": 3203.14, "end": 3203.74, "text": "semester, okay?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-021", "start": 3203.86, "end": 3205.46, "text": "So I introduce you to", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0047-chunk-022", "start": 3205.46, "end": 3206.36, "text": "him here.", "word_count": 2 } ], "text_sha256": "13a2a206a16547f7e93b9a57123a4e38dbf55d01900ec7220ce8189abe6007f3", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0047", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3142s", "time_label": "52:22", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0048", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use one's own reasoning without another's guidance. This knowledge is self -imposed if its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in indecision and lack of courage to use one's own mind without another's guidance. Dear to know, have the courage to use your own understanding is therefore the model of enlightenment, okay? So, what he's saying here is that your students, your parents, and I'm the teacher, okay? I'm enlightened because I'm using my reason, but you're not enlightened because you're relying on my reason, right? And what he's saying is that it's not because you lack the capacity to reason, that's the problem, it's because you guys are lazy, right? It's just easier for you to just sit there and take", "word_count": 158, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-001", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3210.46, "text": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment?", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-002", "start": 3210.88, "end": 3212.3, "text": "Why do we have enlightenment,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-003", "start": 3212.54, "end": 3213.78, "text": "okay? All right.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-004", "start": 3213.88, "end": 3218.8, "text": "So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-005", "start": 3219.24, "end": 3224, "text": "Knowledge is the inability to use one's own reasoning without another's guidance.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-006", "start": 3224.28, "end": 3228.32, "text": "This knowledge is self -imposed if its cause lies not in lack", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-007", "start": 3228.32, "end": 3232.2, "text": "of understanding, but in indecision and lack of courage to use one's", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-008", "start": 3232.2, "end": 3233.94, "text": "own mind without another's guidance.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-009", "start": 3234.54, "end": 3238.06, "text": "Dear to know, have the courage to use your own understanding is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-010", "start": 3238.06, "end": 3239.26, "text": "therefore the model of enlightenment,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-011", "start": 3239.64, "end": 3243.36, "text": "okay? So, what he's saying here is that your students,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-012", "start": 3243.36, "end": 3245.87, "text": "your parents, and I'm the teacher,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-013", "start": 3246.01, "end": 3249.65, "text": "okay? I'm enlightened because I'm using my reason,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-014", "start": 3249.81, "end": 3253.37, "text": "but you're not enlightened because you're relying on my reason,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-015", "start": 3254.72, "end": 3259.3, "text": "right? And what he's saying is that it's not because you lack", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-016", "start": 3259.3, "end": 3261.82, "text": "the capacity to reason, that's the problem,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-017", "start": 3261.96, "end": 3263.42, "text": "it's because you guys are lazy,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0048-chunk-018", "start": 3264.06, "end": 3267.78, "text": "right? It's just easier for you to just sit there and take", "word_count": 12 } ], "text_sha256": "011224dc0b2779a020110ea387498bd0daf482bbe64c03963edb19165820acda", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0048", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3206s", "time_label": "53:26", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0049", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0049", "start": 3267.78, "end": 3324, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "notes rather than to actually read this text for yourself and understand them yourself, that's why you rely on me, okay? What well... But if you don't ever rely on yourself, you going to be free to think. It doesn't make sense. That's what he's saying here. Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why such a large part of mankind gladly remain me and my nurse all their lives long after nature has freed them from external guidance, okay? You have the capacity to reason, you can just read these things by yourself, but you're lazy and you're cowardly, okay? You don't want to... you don't make a mistake you don't be wrong thus it is very difficult for the individual to work himself out of knowledge which has become almost second nature to him he has even grown to like it and is at first really incapable of using his own understanding because he has never been permitted to", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-001", "start": 3267.78, "end": 3270.78, "text": "notes rather than to actually read this text for yourself and understand", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-002", "start": 3270.78, "end": 3273, "text": "them yourself, that's why you rely on me,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-003", "start": 3273.12, "end": 3274.46, "text": "okay? What well...", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-004", "start": 3274.46, "end": 3276.6, "text": "But if you don't ever rely on yourself,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-005", "start": 3276.8, "end": 3279.26, "text": "you going to be free to think.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-006", "start": 3279.64, "end": 3280.6, "text": "It doesn't make sense.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-007", "start": 3281.02, "end": 3281.94, "text": "That's what he's saying here.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-008", "start": 3283.04, "end": 3286.58, "text": "Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why such a large part of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-009", "start": 3286.58, "end": 3291.28, "text": "mankind gladly remain me and my nurse all their lives long after", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-010", "start": 3291.28, "end": 3294.94, "text": "nature has freed them from external guidance,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-011", "start": 3295.5, "end": 3298.34, "text": "okay? You have the capacity to reason,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-012", "start": 3298.56, "end": 3300.48, "text": "you can just read these things by yourself,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-013", "start": 3300.62, "end": 3302.76, "text": "but you're lazy and you're cowardly,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-014", "start": 3302.76, "end": 3303.3, "text": "okay? You don't want to...", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-015", "start": 3303.3, "end": 3309.42, "text": "you don't make a mistake you don't be wrong thus it is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-016", "start": 3309.42, "end": 3312.92, "text": "very difficult for the individual to work himself out of knowledge which", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-017", "start": 3312.92, "end": 3317.96, "text": "has become almost second nature to him he has even grown to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-018", "start": 3317.96, "end": 3321.5, "text": "like it and is at first really incapable of using his own", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0049-chunk-019", "start": 3321.5, "end": 3324, "text": "understanding because he has never been permitted to", "word_count": 8 } ], "text_sha256": "f9ac9119afffe4c6967568effa3c35efc65b6c0bd4e720cd1da1be5b510c1db1", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0049", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3267s", "time_label": "54:27", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0050", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0050", "start": 3324, "end": 3383.39, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "try it okay so everyone can do it but only a few can do it so what's the solution to this problem the solution is free and open debate does that make sense if you're able to access information you're able to access different points of view then you're able to do hear the truth for yourself okay does that make sense all right so you don't want to find the truth for yourself but if you're able to hear the truth here the opinions of others then you can make up for your mind make up your own mind that's what the truth is and you can because of access to reason that God implanted in you okay that's a logic here it is more nearly possible however for the public to enlighten itself indeed if it is only given freedom enlightenment is almost inevitable there will always be a few independent thinkers even among the self appointed guardians", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-001", "start": 3324, "end": 3330.37, "text": "try it okay so everyone can do it but only a few", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-002", "start": 3330.37, "end": 3334.7, "text": "can do it so what's the solution to this problem the solution", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-003", "start": 3334.7, "end": 3340.37, "text": "is free and open debate does that make sense if you're able", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-004", "start": 3340.37, "end": 3344.49, "text": "to access information you're able to access different points of view then", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-005", "start": 3344.49, "end": 3348.87, "text": "you're able to do hear the truth for yourself okay does that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-006", "start": 3348.87, "end": 3352.59, "text": "make sense all right so you don't want to find the truth", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-007", "start": 3352.59, "end": 3357.33, "text": "for yourself but if you're able to hear the truth here the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-008", "start": 3357.33, "end": 3360.51, "text": "opinions of others then you can make up for your mind make", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-009", "start": 3360.51, "end": 3363.73, "text": "up your own mind that's what the truth is and you can", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-010", "start": 3363.73, "end": 3367.83, "text": "because of access to reason that God implanted in you okay that's", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-011", "start": 3367.83, "end": 3373.45, "text": "a logic here it is more nearly possible however for the public", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-012", "start": 3373.45, "end": 3377.93, "text": "to enlighten itself indeed if it is only given freedom enlightenment is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-013", "start": 3377.93, "end": 3381.97, "text": "almost inevitable there will always be a few independent thinkers even among", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0050-chunk-014", "start": 3381.97, "end": 3383.39, "text": "the self appointed guardians", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "38f652dafb40bea2a8ce211353c25fcd76f78bd0efaf5751da7954e8a3a581b1", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0050", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3324s", "time_label": "55:24", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0051", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3443.48, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress if there's a debate if everyone is able to hear different opinions then society will always be able to hear different opinions if there's a debate almost always progress it doesn't make sense this enlightenment requires nothing but freedom and the most innocent of all that may be called freedom freedom to make public use of one's reason all matters now I hear the cry from all sides do not argue the officer says do not argue drill the tax collector do not argue pay to have pastor do not argue believe only one ruler in the world which says argue as much as you please but obey we find we shrieks on freedom everywhere but which restrictions is harmful to enlightenment which restriction is innocent and which advances enlightenment I reply the public use of one's reason must be free at all times and this alone can", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0051-chunk-001", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3388.78, "text": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress", "word_count": 12 }, { 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"start": 3418.02, "end": 3421.8, "text": "officer says do not argue drill the tax collector do not argue", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0051-chunk-009", "start": 3421.8, "end": 3426.02, "text": "pay to have pastor do not argue believe only one ruler in", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0051-chunk-010", "start": 3426.02, "end": 3428.94, "text": "the world which says argue as much as you please but obey", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0051-chunk-011", "start": 3428.94, "end": 3433.44, "text": "we find we shrieks on freedom everywhere but which restrictions is harmful", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0051-chunk-012", "start": 3433.44, "end": 3437.92, "text": "to enlightenment which restriction is innocent and which advances enlightenment I reply", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0051-chunk-013", "start": 3437.92, "end": 3442.18, "text": "the public use of one's reason must be free at all times", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0051-chunk-014", "start": 3442.18, "end": 3443.48, "text": "and this alone can", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "7cbbbac00f2b4188150382be36186c1a0481f97d0bea46ba106d0766077851e0", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0051", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3383s", "time_label": "56:23", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0052", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3503.61, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and for the capacity to judge have reasons and for the capacity to judge for himself or herself what is true whenever you censor something you're denying freedom to people okay so this is an absolutist understanding of freedom and this becomes a foundation for of course the American Constitution or the American Revolution in view of this he as preacher is not free and ought not to be free since he's carrying out the orders of others on the other hand as a scholar who speaks to his own public through his writings the minister in the public use of his reason enjoys unlimited freedom to use own reason and to speak for himself okay this is a really important idea all right so", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0052-chunk-001", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3449.04, "text": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0052-chunk-002", "start": 3449.04, "end": 3455.51, "text": "of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0052-chunk-003", "start": 3455.51, "end": 3459.73, "text": "things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0052-chunk-004", "start": 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"tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0053", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0053", "start": 3503.61, "end": 3572.48, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "I'm your teacher okay I'm your teacher now I can perceive myself in different ways I can perceive myself as a employee of a school in China therefore I must be aware of I must be aware of censorship laws in China I must be aware of what I can teach you and what and what I cannot teach you I must also be aware that my main responsibility is to make you a citizen of China and therefore make you feel good about China okay if I see myself as an employee of a school in China but if I see myself as a free individual in a service of human progress then my job is to ensure と be able to teach and reach out to it I will help class and serve your other students and also go perform at my class my main mission is to work with students who areINKING to different levels of human", "word_count": 160, 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"text": "you a citizen of China and therefore make you feel good about", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0053-chunk-008", "start": 3534.54, "end": 3538.2, "text": "China okay if I see myself as an employee of a school", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0053-chunk-009", "start": 3538.2, "end": 3545.35, "text": "in China but if I see myself as a free individual in", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0053-chunk-010", "start": 3545.77, "end": 3552.27, "text": "a service of human progress then my job is to ensure と", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0053-chunk-011", "start": 3552.27, "end": 3560.9, "text": "be able to teach and reach out to it I will help", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0053-chunk-012", "start": 3560.9, "end": 3570.22, "text": "class and serve your other students and also go perform at my", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0053-chunk-013", "start": 3570.22, "end": 3572.46, "text": "class my main mission is to work with students who areINKING to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0053-chunk-014", "start": 3572.46, "end": 3572.48, "text": "different levels of human", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "ee2863f1aeb7258ac91531d1361bb489663644f5b371e1c9b30aa79d8dc9d8d0", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0053", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3503s", "time_label": "58:23", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0054", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "start": 3572.48, "end": 3634.88, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "development in European countries so I have something different in theff I tell the different simplify I try toарищ a traditional statement to show a personal есть the world as a citizen dedicated to the progress of human civilization okay that's your choice but your society of ministers say a church council have the right to commit itself by oath to a certain unultimal doctrine in order to secure perpetual partnership over all its members and through them over the people i say that this is quite impossible such a contract concluded to keep all further enlightenment from humanity is simply no and void even if it should be confirmed by the sovereign power by parliament and the most solemn treaties an epoch cannot conclude a pact that will commit succeeding ages prevent them from increasing their significant insights purging themselves of errors and generally progressing in enlightenment that would be a crime against human nature whose proper destiny lies", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-001", "start": 3572.48, "end": 3575.08, "text": "development in European countries so I have something different in theff I", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-002", "start": 3575.08, "end": 3579.76, "text": "tell the different simplify I try toарищ a traditional statement to show", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-003", "start": 3579.76, "end": 3586, "text": "a personal есть the world as a citizen dedicated to the progress", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-004", "start": 3586, "end": 3594.5, "text": "of human civilization okay that's your choice but your society of ministers", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-005", "start": 3594.5, "end": 3598.76, "text": "say a church council have the right to commit itself by oath", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-006", "start": 3598.76, "end": 3604.1, "text": "to a certain unultimal doctrine in order to secure perpetual partnership over", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-007", "start": 3604.1, "end": 3608.06, "text": "all its members and through them over the people i say that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-008", "start": 3608.06, "end": 3612.84, "text": "this is quite impossible such a contract concluded to keep all further", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0054-chunk-009", 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"b39913a7631ed3299bb9602e50f217cbe419ed0d54ec7cf3f27f6670a561fb49", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0054", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3572s", "time_label": "59:32", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0055", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to tell you what to think i can show you possibilities i can argue with you but i must not enforce my ideas on you because that would limit human progress progress is determined by a new generation's capacity to question and negate uh previous generations ideas okay does that make sense all right all right so um this is voltaire um voltaire i don't really want to spend too much time on but voltaire is considered a celebrity of enlightenment okay he was very famous at that time because he is what we what we call today a troll okay a troll why because he's always making fun of the nobility and the clergy the powers that", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-001", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3638.52, "text": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-002", "start": 3638.52, "end": 3642.14, "text": "saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-003", "start": 3642.16, "end": 3645.48, "text": "you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-004", "start": 3645.48, "end": 3647.78, "text": "think i was absolutely no right to tell you what to think", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-005", "start": 3647.78, "end": 3652.94, "text": "i can show you possibilities i can argue with you but i", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-006", "start": 3652.94, "end": 3658.66, "text": "must not enforce my ideas on you because that would limit human", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-007", "start": 3658.66, "end": 3667.18, "text": "progress progress is determined by a new generation's capacity to question and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-008", "start": 3667.18, "end": 3672.61, "text": "negate uh previous generations ideas okay does that make sense all right", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-009", "start": 3674.99, "end": 3681.54, "text": "all right so um this is voltaire um voltaire i don't really", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-010", "start": 3681.54, "end": 3685.26, "text": "want to spend too much time on but voltaire is considered a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-011", "start": 3685.26, "end": 3689.26, "text": "celebrity of enlightenment okay he was very famous at that time because", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-012", "start": 3689.26, "end": 3692.5, "text": "he is what we what we call today a troll okay a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-013", "start": 3692.5, "end": 3696.66, "text": "troll why because he's always making fun of the nobility and the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0055-chunk-014", "start": 3696.66, "end": 3697.64, "text": "clergy the powers that", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "45141bbb6fbb384d18b71f97d1d89f11c183c0b5a0ed41e657c3f87e56aa74fc", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0055", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3634s", "time_label": "1:00:34", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0056", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3757.96, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want to spend too much time on him all right um so let's go move on to jonathan russo who is the most influential enlightenment thinker in france this is it is his ideas that will drive the french revolution okay all right so he wrote a very influential book called emile emile is his treatise on education how should you best educate children on the subject of the french revolution children okay all right so let's just read some basic passages if the infant sprang at one bound from its mother's breast to the age of reason the present type of education would be quite suitable but its natural growth calls for quite a different training the mind should be left undisturbed till its", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-001", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3702.34, "text": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-002", "start": 3702.34, "end": 3707.68, "text": "they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-003", "start": 3707.68, "end": 3710.76, "text": "thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-004", "start": 3710.76, "end": 3714.04, "text": "to spend too much time on him all right um so let's", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-005", "start": 3714.04, "end": 3719.18, "text": "go move on to jonathan russo who is the most influential enlightenment", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-006", "start": 3719.18, "end": 3724.52, "text": "thinker in france this is it is his ideas that will drive", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-007", "start": 3724.52, "end": 3731.51, "text": "the french revolution okay all right so he wrote a very influential", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-008", "start": 3731.51, "end": 3736.51, "text": "book called emile emile is his treatise on education how should you", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-009", "start": 3736.51, "end": 3738.85, "text": "best educate children on the subject of the french revolution children okay", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-010", "start": 3738.85, "end": 3744.58, "text": "all right so let's just read some basic passages if the infant", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-011", "start": 3744.58, "end": 3748.26, "text": "sprang at one bound from its mother's breast to the age of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-012", "start": 3748.26, "end": 3752.46, "text": "reason the present type of education would be quite suitable but its", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-013", "start": 3752.46, "end": 3756.42, "text": "natural growth calls for quite a different training the mind should be", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0056-chunk-014", "start": 3756.42, "end": 3757.96, "text": "left undisturbed till its", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "61524aa45f08649235e7afe8531204b0089e7d389ec25a9e391460521d9ff298", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0056", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3697s", "time_label": "1:01:37", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0057", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "start": 3757.96, "end": 3821.11, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "faculties have developed for while it is blind it cannot see the torch you offer it nor can it follow through the vast expanse of ideas of paths so faintly traced by reason that eyes can scarcely follow it okay so what he's saying here it's a very controversial idea what he's saying here is that kindergarten and primary school make no sense kids come into school to learn math to learn language right but the problem is that their faculty for reason has not fully developed okay it's like me asking you to uh fly even though you don't have wings so what he's saying is this before the age of 12. let kids play because if you ask them to come to school all that will do is screw up their minds right if a child is crawling and you make the child walk all that's going to do is make the bones deformed okay it's going to", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-001", "start": 3757.96, "end": 3762.16, "text": "faculties have developed for while it is blind it cannot see the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-002", "start": 3762.16, "end": 3766.24, "text": "torch you offer it nor can it follow through the vast expanse", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-003", "start": 3766.24, "end": 3770.26, "text": "of ideas of paths so faintly traced by reason that eyes can", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-004", "start": 3770.26, "end": 3773.8, "text": "scarcely follow it okay so what he's saying here it's a very", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-005", "start": 3773.8, "end": 3779.83, "text": "controversial idea what he's saying here is that kindergarten and primary school", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-006", "start": 3779.83, "end": 3785.57, "text": "make no sense kids come into school to learn math to learn", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-007", "start": 3785.57, "end": 3791.8, "text": "language right but the problem is that their faculty for reason has", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-008", "start": 3792, "end": 3796.1, "text": "not fully developed okay it's like me asking you to uh fly", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0057-chunk-009", "start": 3796.1, "end": 3800.4, "text": "even though you don't have wings so what he's saying is this", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": 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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3757s", "time_label": "1:02:37", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0058", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys this is the idea of childhood okay childhood children should be allowed to play until the age of 12. and it comes from result okay does that make sense therefore the education of the earliest years should be merely negative negative just means like don't have kids jump in the pool by themselves okay but don't be positive don't make them learn mathematics it consists of a lot of things that are true but in preserving the heart from vice and from the spirit of error if only you could let the well alone and get others to follow your example if you could bring your scholar to the age of 12 strong and healthy but unable to", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-001", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3823.69, "text": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-002", "start": 3823.69, "end": 3827.83, "text": "do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-003", "start": 3827.83, "end": 3830.29, "text": "12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-004", "start": 3830.29, "end": 3830.61, "text": "of 12.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-005", "start": 3830.81, "end": 3837.13, "text": "and guess what guys this is the idea of childhood okay childhood", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-006", "start": 3837.13, "end": 3842.54, "text": "children should be allowed to play until the age of 12.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-007", "start": 3842.72, "end": 3851.32, "text": "and it comes from result okay does that make sense therefore the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-008", "start": 3851.32, "end": 3854.84, "text": "education of the earliest years should be merely negative negative just means", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-009", "start": 3854.84, "end": 3860.79, "text": "like don't have kids jump in the pool by themselves okay but", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-010", "start": 3860.79, "end": 3867.6, "text": "don't be positive don't make them learn mathematics it consists of a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-011", "start": 3867.6, "end": 3869.32, "text": "lot of things that are true but in preserving the heart from", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0058-chunk-012", "start": 3869.32, "end": 3873.22, "text": "vice and from the spirit of error if only you could let", "word_count": 12 }, 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be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects of your labors in your hands he would soon become the wisest of men by doing nothing to begin with you would end with a project of education okay that's the secret of education before age 12 leave the kid alone make sure he's he or she is healthy make sure he or she is eating well but do not teach mathematics okay because because by leaving the child alone you free the child from bad mental habits you allow the child to think for himself or herself okay so the very idea of childhood comes from rousseau and this is this is an idea that a lot of middle class parents will adopt okay i myself um", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-001", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3884.18, "text": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-002", "start": 3884.18, 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sure he or she", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-009", "start": 3912.78, "end": 3919.06, "text": "is eating well but do not teach mathematics okay because because by", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-010", "start": 3919.06, "end": 3922.96, "text": "leaving the child alone you free the child from bad mental habits", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-011", "start": 3922.96, "end": 3928.46, "text": "you allow the child to think for himself or herself okay so", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-012", "start": 3928.46, "end": 3934.53, "text": "the very idea of childhood comes from rousseau and this is this", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-013", "start": 3934.53, "end": 3938.47, "text": "is an idea that a lot of middle class parents will adopt", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0059-chunk-014", "start": 3938.47, "end": 3940.97, "text": "okay i myself um", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "fda55c6f67d3889af7238a50871ebaa57b07bc3b534a6b13f6285ad71b5edb96", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0059", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3880s", "time_label": "1:04:40", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0060", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "start": 3940.97, "end": 3994.47, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "also believe very heavily in this idea i'm not i don't want to send my kids to school before age 12 possibly even age 16. okay i don't i work in a school so i don't really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it it's like being a cook and you work in a restaurant like you would you would never actually go eat in a restaurant because you know how how to make the food okay all right let's continue there are two classes of men who are constantly engaged in bodily activity peasants and savages okay there are these peasants who work the farm there's savages who run around the forest all day okay so you think there's no difference but in fact there's a world of difference and certainly neither of these pays the least attention to the cultivation of the mind peasants are rough coarse and clumsy savages are noted not only for their", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0060-chunk-001", "start": 3940.97, "end": 3945.03, "text": "also believe very heavily in this idea i'm not i don't want", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0060-chunk-002", "start": 3945.03, "end": 3947.97, "text": "to send my kids to school before age 12 possibly even age", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0060-chunk-003", "start": 3947.97, "end": 3951.36, "text": "16. okay i don't i work in a school so i don't", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0060-chunk-004", "start": 3951.36, "end": 3955.48, "text": "really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it it's like", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": 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3981.93, "text": "think there's no difference but in fact there's a world of difference", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0060-chunk-012", "start": 3981.93, "end": 3987.01, "text": "and certainly neither of these pays the least attention to the cultivation", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0060-chunk-013", "start": 3987.01, "end": 3992.65, "text": "of the mind peasants are rough coarse and clumsy savages are noted", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0060-chunk-014", "start": 3992.65, "end": 3994.47, "text": "not only for their", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "f3fc6657606782df70bc84aedd5a4d13235c29f5d6e3641fa58741e87cf6ae78", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0060", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3940s", "time_label": "1:05:40", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0061", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "start": 3994.47, "end": 4055.42, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "keen senses but for great subtlety of mind savages are really smart peasants are really dull why generally speaking there is nothing duller than a peasant or sharper than a savage what is the cause of this difference the peasant has always done as he was told what his father did before him what he himself has always done he's a creature of habit he spends his life almost like an ottoman and an ottoman on the same task having obedience has taken a place of reason the casual savage is very different he is tied to no one place he has no prescribed task no superior to obey he knows no law but his own will he is therefore forced to reason at every step he takes he can neither move nor walk without considering the consequences thus the more his body is exercised the more alert is his mind his strength and his reason increase together and each", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-001", "start": 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ottoman on the same task having obedience has taken a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-008", "start": 4027.34, "end": 4033.88, "text": "place of reason the casual savage is very different he is tied", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-009", "start": 4033.88, "end": 4038.18, "text": "to no one place he has no prescribed task no superior to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-010", "start": 4038.18, "end": 4041.6, "text": "obey he knows no law but his own will he is therefore", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-011", "start": 4041.6, "end": 4045.38, "text": "forced to reason at every step he takes he can neither move", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-012", "start": 4045.38, "end": 4049.7, "text": "nor walk without considering the consequences thus the more his body is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-013", "start": 4049.7, "end": 4053.74, "text": "exercised the more alert is his mind his strength and his reason", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0061-chunk-014", "start": 4053.74, "end": 4055.42, "text": "increase together and each", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "5956b35912777d5df215d23096691b1c73b37799729a7818af521b6c6acf877d", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0061", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=3994s", "time_label": "1:06:34", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0062", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4113.12, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to educate your child well then let the child be a savage and not a peasant oh man seek no further for the author evil that are he there's no evil but the evil you do or the evil you suffer and both come from yourself evil in general can only spring from this order and in the order of the world i find a never failing system evil in particular cases exists only in the mind of those who experience it and this feeling is not the gift of nature the work of man himself pain has low power over those who have thought little look neither before nor after take away our fatal progress take away our faults and our vices take away", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0062-chunk-001", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4060.24, "text": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0062-chunk-002", "start": 4060.24, "end": 4066.18, "text": "is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0062-chunk-003", "start": 4066.18, "end": 4071.22, "text": "his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": 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the mind of those who experience it and this feeling", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0062-chunk-011", "start": 4100.06, "end": 4104.3, "text": "is not the gift of nature the work of man himself pain", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0062-chunk-012", "start": 4104.3, "end": 4108.84, "text": "has low power over those who have thought little look neither before", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0062-chunk-013", "start": 4108.84, "end": 4112.22, "text": "nor after take away our fatal progress take away our faults and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0062-chunk-014", "start": 4112.22, "end": 4113.12, "text": "our vices take away", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "69ed4c07f0d7011758ab897e84e628a16c070f0644dc1a79681d8eb73081f01f", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0062", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4055s", "time_label": "1:07:35", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0063", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love learning so we if we try to build structure we try to build civilization if we move children away from the state of nature we can only screw things up schools are not designed to educate children schools are first and foremost designed to control children right why because we don't like kids running around okay it's that simple they're not meant for kids they're meant for adults so that parents don't actually have to see them and teachers don't have to deal with them okay and so that's what russo is saying and he's he's absolutely right all right um so that was emil now russo also wrote a really famous book called discourse on the origin of inequality which will", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-001", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4119.04, "text": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-002", "start": 4119.04, "end": 4123.64, "text": "school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-003", "start": 4124.16, "end": 4131.19, "text": "they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-004", "start": 4131.19, "end": 4137.25, "text": "they love learning so we if we try to build structure we", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-005", "start": 4137.25, "end": 4140.47, "text": "try to build civilization if we move children away from the state", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-006", "start": 4140.47, "end": 4146.35, "text": "of nature we can only screw things up schools are not designed", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-007", "start": 4147.01, "end": 4154.15, "text": "to educate children schools are first and foremost designed to control children", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-008", "start": 4156.06, "end": 4161.22, "text": "right why because we don't like kids running around okay it's that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-009", "start": 4161.22, "end": 4165.28, "text": "simple they're not meant for kids they're meant for adults so that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-010", "start": 4165.28, "end": 4168.26, "text": "parents don't actually have to see them and teachers don't have to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-011", "start": 4168.26, "end": 4171.9, "text": "deal with them okay and so that's what russo is saying and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-012", "start": 4171.9, "end": 4177.8, "text": "he's he's absolutely right all right um so that was emil now", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-013", "start": 4177.8, "end": 4182.66, "text": "russo also wrote a really famous book called discourse on the origin", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0063-chunk-014", "start": 4182.66, "end": 4184.02, "text": "of inequality which will", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "442b8ec975ea1c91a4ea44409df087ed18b7cd048f4d3352f9a9e57306c9463e", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0063", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4113s", "time_label": "1:08:33", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0064", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "start": 4184.02, "end": 4240.72, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "have a major impact on the french revolution and enlightenment okay it's an idea of private property where does private property come from the first man who having closed a piece of ground he thought himself of saying this is mine and found people simple enough to believe him was the real founder of civil society okay so we have society because some people want property private property okay from how many crimes wars and murders from how many horrors and misfortunes might not anyone have saved mankind by pulling up the stakes or filling up the ditch and crying to his fellows beware of listening to this imposter you're undone if you cut if you want to forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all and the earth itself to nobody what he's saying is this suddenly one day some people in our society are like oh this is mine this ground is mine you can't", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-001", "start": 4184.02, "end": 4188.26, "text": "have a major impact on the french revolution and enlightenment okay it's", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-002", "start": 4188.26, "end": 4192.02, "text": "an idea of private property where does private property come from the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-003", "start": 4192.54, "end": 4196.22, "text": "first man who having closed a piece of ground he thought himself", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-004", "start": 4196.22, "end": 4199.54, "text": "of saying this is mine and found people simple enough to believe", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-005", "start": 4199.54, "end": 4203.92, "text": "him was the real founder of civil society okay so we have", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-006", "start": 4203.92, "end": 4213.25, "text": "society because some people want property private property okay from how many", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-007", "start": 4213.25, "end": 4217.93, "text": "crimes wars and murders from how many horrors and misfortunes might not", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-008", "start": 4217.93, "end": 4221.79, "text": "anyone have saved mankind by pulling up the stakes or filling up", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-009", "start": 4221.79, "end": 4225.11, "text": "the ditch and crying to his fellows beware of listening to this", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-010", "start": 4225.11, "end": 4228.23, "text": "imposter you're undone if you cut if you want to forget that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-011", "start": 4228.23, "end": 4231.03, "text": "the fruits of the earth belong to us all and the earth", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-012", "start": 4231.03, "end": 4235.92, "text": "itself to nobody what he's saying is this suddenly one day some", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-013", "start": 4235.92, "end": 4240.12, "text": "people in our society are like oh this is mine this ground", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0064-chunk-014", "start": 4240.12, "end": 4240.72, "text": "is mine you can't", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "e9f142a7b886f25c7589da992d8303676948ed7844d63d2010b0c2fee7db02c6", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0064", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4184s", "time_label": "1:09:44", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0065", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crown ground and because of this because of the idea because of the idea of private property we now have inequality patriarchy war okay this is where war and patriarchy and equality come from because of some people's insistence on having private property right okay any questions so far okay it is all clear to you all right so let's move on to the final book the social contract okay the social contract is the bible of the french revolution it is the um book that is most influential in the most influential development of the thinkers of the french revolution all right the most famous sentence um the sentence that begins of social contract", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-001", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4244.36, "text": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-002", "start": 4244.36, "end": 4249.26, "text": "that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-003", "start": 4249.76, "end": 4253.58, "text": "well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-004", "start": 4253.58, "end": 4257.6, "text": "or we let we let them have their own crown ground and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-005", "start": 4257.6, "end": 4259.88, "text": "because of this because of the idea because of the idea of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-006", "start": 4259.88, "end": 4269.52, "text": "private property we now have inequality patriarchy war okay this is where", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-007", "start": 4269.52, "end": 4274.8, "text": "war and patriarchy and equality come from because of some people's insistence", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-008", "start": 4274.8, "end": 4281.62, "text": "on having private property right okay any questions so far okay it", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-009", "start": 4281.62, "end": 4284.64, "text": "is all clear to you all right so let's move on to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-010", "start": 4284.64, "end": 4289.26, "text": "the final book the social contract okay the social contract is the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-011", "start": 4289.26, "end": 4294.2, "text": "bible of the french revolution it is the um book that is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-012", "start": 4294.2, "end": 4298.38, "text": "most influential in the most influential development of the thinkers of the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-013", "start": 4298.38, "end": 4302.98, "text": "french revolution all right the most famous sentence um the sentence that", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0065-chunk-014", "start": 4302.98, "end": 4304.06, "text": "begins of social contract", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "5acc620a857878aaabfe948966439225fdac51b7d858c30f9a7f061ae5a312bc", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0065", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4240s", "time_label": "1:10:40", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0066", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the people who have enslaved us think they're our masters but in fact they're more enslaved than us because they are trapped by the system you understand slavery is a system that enslaves all it's saving it's not a system where a few oppress the others slavery system where an idea has oppressed everyone especially the masters right we see at once that on this account of things we're talking about as simple as that i'm now going to show you that these are brotherly uh by the French Revolution. All right, so Rousseau is trying to reason from general principles as to how to form a good society, a social contract where everyone chooses to participate in a society, and is not compelled to participate in a society.", "word_count": 173, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-001", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4308.68, "text": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-002", "start": 4308.68, "end": 4311.32, "text": "is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-003", "start": 4311.32, "end": 4315.91, "text": "more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-004", "start": 4315.91, "end": 4320.35, "text": "we choose to become slaves but knowing that the people who have", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-005", "start": 4320.35, "end": 4323.89, "text": "enslaved us think they're our masters but in fact they're more enslaved", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-006", "start": 4323.89, "end": 4329.18, "text": "than us because they are trapped by the system you understand slavery", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-007", "start": 4329.18, "end": 4333.67, "text": "is a system that enslaves all it's saving it's not a system", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-008", "start": 4333.67, "end": 4338.29, "text": "where a few oppress the others slavery system where an idea has", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-009", "start": 4338.29, "end": 4347.32, "text": "oppressed everyone especially the masters right we see at once that on", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-010", "start": 4347.32, "end": 4357.24, "text": "this account of things we're talking about as simple as that i'm", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-011", "start": 4357.24, "end": 4378.42, "text": "now going to show you that these are brotherly uh by the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-012", "start": 4378.42, "end": 4378.74, "text": "French Revolution.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-013", "start": 4379.49, "end": 4385.42, "text": "All right, so Rousseau is trying to reason from general principles as", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-014", "start": 4385.42, "end": 4386.8, "text": "to how to form a good society,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-015", "start": 4387.02, "end": 4390.4, "text": "a social contract where everyone chooses to", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-016", "start": 4390.4, "end": 4393.8, "text": "participate in a society, and is not compelled to participate in a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0066-chunk-017", "start": 4393.8, "end": 4394.074, "text": "society.", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "b59abef75bcb19369dc9c30176b04189264f8bf7f6daf92a368eaee5a41f1f31", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0066", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4304s", "time_label": "1:11:44", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0067", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we believe if we are part of a group of people, a part of an interest. So let's just say, for example, the central government in China is like, I want to spend $10 billion on roads, on new roads. Where should we invest this money? General will is everyone agrees that we should invest these roads where they're most needed in China. Maybe Guizhou, maybe Yunnan, the poorest parts, because they will do the most good. We can all agree on that, right? But, because we are in Beijing, we will be like, no, you should put the money in Beijing. That's a particular will, okay?", "word_count": 148, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-001", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4395.72, "text": "And what he says is this.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-002", "start": 4396.7, "end": 4399.58, "text": "There are two types of will.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-003", "start": 4399.82, "end": 4402.66, "text": "There's the general will and there's the particular will.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-004", "start": 4404.21, "end": 4408.53, "text": "General will is what we can agree on if we are left", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-005", "start": 4408.53, "end": 4409.97, "text": "to reason by ourselves.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-006", "start": 4411.19, "end": 4415.17, "text": "Particular will is what we believe if we are part of a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-007", "start": 4415.17, "end": 4418.02, "text": "group of people, a part of an interest.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-008", "start": 4418.38, "end": 4419.92, "text": "So let's just say, for example,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-009", "start": 4421.25, "end": 4424.71, "text": "the central government in China is like,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-010", "start": 4424.79, "end": 4428.35, "text": "I want to spend $10 billion on roads,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-011", "start": 4428.51, "end": 4429.05, "text": "on new roads.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-012", "start": 4430.21, "end": 4431.85, "text": "Where should we invest this money?", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-013", "start": 4432.53, "end": 4437.75, "text": "General will is everyone agrees that we should invest these roads where", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-014", "start": 4437.75, "end": 4439.05, "text": "they're most needed in China.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-015", "start": 4439.05, "end": 4441.99, "text": "Maybe Guizhou, maybe Yunnan, the poorest parts,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-016", "start": 4442.15, "end": 4443.23, "text": "because they will do the most good.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-017", "start": 4443.39, "end": 4444.59, "text": "We can all agree on that,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-018", "start": 4444.69, "end": 4447.53, "text": "right? But, because we are in Beijing,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-019", "start": 4448.3, "end": 4449.52, "text": "we will be like, no,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-020", "start": 4449.72, "end": 4450.7, "text": "you should put the money in Beijing.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-021", "start": 4450.96, "end": 4451.98, "text": "That's a particular will,", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0067-chunk-022", "start": 4452.12, "end": 4452.614, "text": "okay?", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "1a4271a17c4264f58f7e2e3193683c75e2c52fba7a46f5278eb5769d7edd33d0", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0067", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4394s", "time_label": "1:13:14", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0068", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the general will, then all the laws are acceptable to people, because the laws are just an expression of the general will. And the king, he's just acting out the general will. So the king is acceptable to everyone, okay? Does that make sense? The problem with this, of course, is that that's not how the world works, okay? There's actually no one in the world who is like, oh, I should do this because of the general will. It's always a particular will, right? Does that make sense? And so this is the, this is the, this is the, this is the, this is the, this is the major divergence between the French Revolution and the American Revolution. The French Revolution, it is fundamentally idealistic.", "word_count": 165, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-001", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4454.59, "text": "So in other words,", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-002", "start": 4454.77, "end": 4456.81, "text": "society, if it is to function well,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-003", "start": 4457.03, "end": 4460.75, "text": "must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-004", "start": 4460.75, "end": 4462.61, "text": "will, on the common interest.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-005", "start": 4463.23, "end": 4465.07, "text": "And that's why everything works,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-006", "start": 4465.17, "end": 4469.01, "text": "because if laws are based on the general will,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-007", "start": 4470.23, "end": 4472.93, "text": "then all the laws are acceptable to people,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-008", "start": 4473.03, "end": 4476.69, "text": "because the laws are just an expression of the general will.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-009", "start": 4477.81, "end": 4481.49, "text": "And the king, he's just acting out the general will.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-010", "start": 4481.85, "end": 4484.09, "text": "So the king is acceptable to everyone,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-011", "start": 4484.23, "end": 4484.85, "text": "okay? Does that make sense?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-012", "start": 4486, "end": 4487.7, "text": "The problem with this, of course,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-013", "start": 4487.76, "end": 4489.52, "text": "is that that's not how the world works,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-014", "start": 4489.58, "end": 4493.06, "text": "okay? There's actually no one in the world who is like,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-015", "start": 4493.2, "end": 4495.22, "text": "oh, I should do this because of the general will.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-016", "start": 4495.62, "end": 4496.72, "text": "It's always a particular will,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-017", "start": 4496.8, "end": 4497.76, "text": "right? Does that make sense?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-018", "start": 4498.06, "end": 4499.1, "text": "And so this is the,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-019", "start": 4499.1, "end": 4500.18, "text": "this is the, this is the,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-020", "start": 4500.18, "end": 4500.18, "text": "this is the, this is the,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-021", "start": 4500.18, "end": 4504.36, "text": "this is the major divergence between the French Revolution and the American", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-022", "start": 4504.36, "end": 4505.64, "text": "Revolution. The", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0068-chunk-023", "start": 4505.64, "end": 4508.02, "text": "French Revolution, it is fundamentally idealistic.", "word_count": 6 } ], "text_sha256": "cfcc7de2dc3df2a7590597a0cd8225ff348f38cbddfad54d5e9626f3a1eafca1", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0068", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4452s", "time_label": "1:14:12", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0069", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The French Revolution, it's based on the idea of the general will, that everyone is capable of reason and of promoting the common interest. The American Revolution refuses to believe this. All right, each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an individual part of the whole, okay? So as long as we are capable of reason, which we are, we can understand the general will. If the populace held its deliberations on the basis of adequate information about the citizens communicating with one another, what emerged from all that particular will would always be the general will, and the decision would always be good, okay?", "word_count": 165, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-001", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4514.02, "text": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-002", "start": 4514.56, "end": 4516.6, "text": "The American Revolution denies this,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-003", "start": 4516.74, "end": 4518.88, "text": "okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-004", "start": 4519.04, "end": 4520.66, "text": "but I just want you to be aware of this,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-005", "start": 4520.82, "end": 4523.18, "text": "okay? The French Revolution, it's based on the idea of the general", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-006", "start": 4523.18, "end": 4527.2, "text": "will, that everyone is capable of reason and of promoting the common", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-007", "start": 4527.2, "end": 4530.48, "text": "interest. The American Revolution refuses to believe this.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-008", "start": 4530.48, "end": 4536.54, "text": "All right, each of us puts his person and all his power", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-009", "start": 4536.54, "end": 4539.18, "text": "in common under the supreme direction of the general will,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-010", "start": 4539.32, "end": 4540.56, "text": "and in our corporate capacity,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-011", "start": 4540.66, "end": 4544.04, "text": "we receive each member as an individual part of the whole,", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-012", "start": 4544.22, "end": 4546.46, "text": "okay? So as long as we are capable of reason,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-013", "start": 4546.58, "end": 4548.66, "text": "which we are, we can understand the general will.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-014", "start": 4551.37, "end": 4556.77, "text": "If the populace held its deliberations on the basis of adequate information", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-015", "start": 4556.77, "end": 4559.47, "text": "about the citizens communicating with one another,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-016", "start": 4559.75, "end": 4563.35, "text": "what emerged from all that particular will would always be", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-017", "start": 4563.35, "end": 4566.13, "text": "the general will, and the decision would always be good,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0069-chunk-018", "start": 4566.27, "end": 4566.562, "text": "okay?", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "f926567cb6df872f08992882147e6680d50c2a21a240471b2da0998f6e11142d", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0069", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4508s", "time_label": "1:15:08", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0070", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "start": 4566.562, "end": 4625.83, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "So if you only think about the common interest, everyone would come to the same conclusion about everything. Okay? If the general will is to emerge clearly, it's important that there should be no partial society within the state, and that each citizen should think only his own thoughts, which was indeed, I'm continually astonished that such a simple sign of good government isn't recognized, or perhaps may do recognize it, but aren't honest enough to say so. This is the purpose of any particular association, the preservation and prosperity of its members. And what is the surest sign of their preservation and prosperity? Their number and their population growth. That's the sign you're looking for. Other things being equal, the unquestionably best government is the one under which the population increases most without external help from naturalizing foreigners or establishing colonies. The government under which the population shrinks is the worst.", "word_count": 152, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-001", "start": 4566.562, "end": 4569.19, "text": "So if you only think about the common interest,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-002", "start": 4570.03, "end": 4572.59, "text": "everyone would come to the same conclusion about everything.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-003", "start": 4572.95, "end": 4576.66, "text": "Okay? If the general will is to emerge clearly,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-004", "start": 4576.86, "end": 4580.18, "text": "it's important that there should be no partial society within the state,", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-005", "start": 4580.32, "end": 4583.34, "text": "and that each citizen should think only his own thoughts,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-006", "start": 4583.46, "end": 4589.77, "text": "which was indeed, I'm continually astonished that such a simple sign of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-007", "start": 4589.77, "end": 4593.91, "text": "good government isn't recognized, or perhaps may do recognize it,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-008", "start": 4593.95, "end": 4595.81, "text": "but aren't honest enough to say so.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-009", "start": 4596.79, "end": 4598.61, "text": "This is the purpose of any particular association,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-010", "start": 4598.99, "end": 4601.33, "text": "the preservation and prosperity of its members.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-011", "start": 4601.61, "end": 4605.71, "text": "And what is the surest sign of their preservation and prosperity?", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-012", "start": 4606.11, "end": 4608.49, "text": "Their number and their population growth.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-013", "start": 4609.07, "end": 4611.07, "text": "That's the sign you're looking for.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-014", "start": 4611.29, "end": 4616.21, "text": "Other things being equal, the unquestionably best government is the one under", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-015", "start": 4616.21, "end": 4621.39, "text": "which the population increases most without external help from naturalizing foreigners or", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-016", "start": 4621.39, "end": 4622.19, "text": "establishing colonies.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-017", "start": 4622.43, "end": 4624.67, "text": "The government under which the population shrinks", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0070-chunk-018", "start": 4624.67, "end": 4625.83, "text": "is the worst.", "word_count": 3 } ], "text_sha256": "d8b1a8ba9c3e3dc486290fd972a50f4233f63e31ff7f5cbab8c6195037fe366a", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0070", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4566s", "time_label": "1:16:06", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0071", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be measured, okay? So we can know how we are doing as a society through measurement, by measuring things, by counting things, okay? Count. Measure. Compare. And that's what progress means. Now, what we'll learn later on is this is actually a really dumb idea, okay? But for now, I want you to be aware of this. And the French Revolution will embrace this. And that's why in the French Revolution they will introduce the metric system. The metric system comes from the French Revolution. And the metric system is now used by every country in the world except two, right? There are two countries in the world who don't use the metric system. They are? Do you guys know? There are exactly two countries in the world that do not use the metric system.", "word_count": 170, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-001", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4626.65, "text": "Over to you.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-002", "start": 4626.65, "end": 4628.09, "text": "Calculators. Count.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-003", "start": 4628.31, "end": 4629.35, "text": "Measure. Compare.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-004", "start": 4629.55, "end": 4631.03, "text": "Okay. This is a really important idea here.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-005", "start": 4631.43, "end": 4636.9, "text": "What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-006", "start": 4636.9, "end": 4641.53, "text": "government from general principles, but good government can be measured,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-007", "start": 4641.83, "end": 4646.68, "text": "okay? So we can know how we are doing as a society", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-008", "start": 4646.68, "end": 4649.42, "text": "through measurement, by measuring things,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-009", "start": 4649.7, "end": 4652.02, "text": "by counting things, okay?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-010", "start": 4653.26, "end": 4654.28, "text": "Count. Measure.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-011", "start": 4654.5, "end": 4656.1, "text": "Compare. And that's what progress means.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-012", "start": 4656.1, "end": 4660.5, "text": "Now, what we'll learn later on is this is actually a really", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-013", "start": 4660.5, "end": 4661.66, "text": "dumb idea, okay?", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-014", "start": 4662.1, "end": 4664, "text": "But for now, I want you to be aware of this.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-015", "start": 4664.14, "end": 4665.78, "text": "And the French Revolution will embrace this.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-016", "start": 4667.87, "end": 4671.65, "text": "And that's why in the French Revolution they will introduce the metric", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-017", "start": 4671.65, "end": 4674.44, "text": "system. The metric system comes from the French Revolution.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-018", "start": 4674.98, "end": 4678.06, "text": "And the metric system is now used by every country in the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-019", "start": 4678.06, "end": 4679.44, "text": "world except two, right?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-020", "start": 4679.54, "end": 4680.9, "text": "There are two countries in the world who don't use the metric", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-021", "start": 4680.9, "end": 4681.52, "text": "system. They are?", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-022", "start": 4683.05, "end": 4683.45, "text": "Do you guys know?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-023", "start": 4684.03, "end": 4684.41, "text": "There are", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-024", "start": 4684.41, "end": 4686.53, "text": "exactly two countries in the world that do not use the metric", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0071-chunk-025", "start": 4686.53, "end": 4686.963, "text": "system.", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "c21801b71ff7c2ed7f2130a0e6a3da5aa6edfd0a5ccca89c3d8fa8352a117067", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0071", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4625s", "time_label": "1:17:05", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0072", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4749.54, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "They are? Can you guess? These two countries are the countries that are most, that were most against the French Revolution. These countries are? America and Britain, okay? Yeah, it's true. In China we use Celsius, right? When you go to America, they don't use Celsius. They use Fahrenheit, okay? And when you go to Britain, they use something called the imperial system. So just be aware, when you go to America, you will hear terms like, oh, America needs uh 12 yards and you're like what is 12 yards okay so so so they don't actually use the metric system in america but but everyone else does but i'm wrong to speak of a christian republic those two terms are mutually exclusive christianity preaches only servitude independence its spirit is so favorable to tyranny that it always profits by such a regime genuine christians are made", "word_count": 147, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-001", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4687.83, "text": "They are?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-002", "start": 4688.79, "end": 4689.51, "text": "Can you guess?", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-003", "start": 4691.92, "end": 4694.74, "text": "These two countries are the countries that are most,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-004", "start": 4694.88, "end": 4697.18, "text": "that were most against the French Revolution.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-005", "start": 4697.54, "end": 4698.2, "text": "These countries are?", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-006", "start": 4701.35, "end": 4703.09, "text": "America and Britain, okay?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-007", "start": 4706.86, "end": 4707.66, "text": "Yeah, it's true.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-008", "start": 4707.78, "end": 4708.74, "text": "In China we use Celsius,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-009", "start": 4708.88, "end": 4710.42, "text": "right? When you go to America,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-010", "start": 4710.5, "end": 4711.1, "text": "they don't use Celsius.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-011", "start": 4711.56, "end": 4713.44, "text": "They use Fahrenheit, okay?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-012", "start": 4714.98, "end": 4716.16, "text": "And when you go to Britain,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-013", "start": 4716.32, "end": 4717.76, "text": "they use something called the imperial system.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-014", "start": 4719.9, "end": 4722.62, "text": "So just be aware, when you go to America,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-015", "start": 4722.66, "end": 4723.74, "text": "you will hear terms like,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-016", "start": 4723.84, "end": 4727.38, "text": "oh, America needs uh 12 yards and you're like what is 12", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-017", "start": 4727.38, "end": 4731.92, "text": "yards okay so so so they don't actually use the metric system", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-018", "start": 4731.92, "end": 4736.78, "text": "in america but but everyone else does but i'm wrong to speak", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-019", "start": 4736.78, "end": 4741.66, "text": "of a christian republic those two terms are mutually exclusive christianity preaches", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-020", "start": 4741.66, "end": 4746.12, "text": "only servitude independence its spirit is so favorable to tyranny that it", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0072-chunk-021", "start": 4746.12, "end": 4749.54, "text": "always profits by such a regime genuine christians are made", "word_count": 10 } ], "text_sha256": "331ad2981c4bd6669f2076d549179900be82c66aad48585cb487b4dfc819b680", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0072", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4686s", "time_label": "1:18:06", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0073", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4806.02, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of church and state which becomes the basis for the french nation state it's a very important idea and during the resolution this will lead to civil wars between the peasants who want to be christians and the revolutionaries who want to establish a secular state the dogmas of civil religion ought to be few simple and exactly worded with no explanation or a concept of religion the dogmas of civil religion are the existence of a mighty intelligent and beneficent divinity possessed of foresight and providence the life to come the happiness of the just the punishment of the wicked the sanity of the social contract and the laws and just one dominant exclusion in the exclusion of intolerance which is a feature of", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-001", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4753.44, "text": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-002", "start": 4753.44, "end": 4756.72, "text": "short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-003", "start": 4756.72, "end": 4762.01, "text": "always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-004", "start": 4762.01, "end": 4766.47, "text": "church and state which becomes the basis for the french nation state", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-005", "start": 4766.47, "end": 4770.19, "text": "it's a very important idea and during the resolution this will lead", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-006", "start": 4770.19, "end": 4775.27, "text": "to civil wars between the peasants who want to be christians and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-007", "start": 4775.27, "end": 4782.32, "text": "the revolutionaries who want to establish a secular state the dogmas of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-008", "start": 4782.32, "end": 4785.64, "text": "civil religion ought to be few simple and exactly worded with no", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-009", "start": 4785.64, "end": 4788.74, "text": "explanation or a concept of religion the dogmas of civil religion are", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-010", "start": 4788.74, "end": 4793.78, "text": "the existence of a mighty intelligent and beneficent divinity possessed of foresight", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-011", "start": 4793.78, "end": 4797.42, "text": "and providence the life to come the happiness of the just the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-012", "start": 4797.42, "end": 4800.74, "text": "punishment of the wicked the sanity of the social contract and the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-013", "start": 4800.74, "end": 4805.42, "text": "laws and just one dominant exclusion in the exclusion of intolerance which", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0073-chunk-014", "start": 4805.42, "end": 4806.02, "text": "is a feature of", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "6d3cc28fcf24d46e3ad4c26681f51fce918fd840fd2474a064912c92ac63e913", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0073", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4749s", "time_label": "1:19:09", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0074", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religions because these religions are intolerant of each other and that's why in french today there's so much conflict between uh there's so much conflict in in society okay you have a lot of islamic immigrants and they're always in conflict with the french state because the french state insists on secular um on a secular religion the islamists want to practice their own religion okay okay so that's it okay so these ideas that we looked at will now become the basis of the french revolution right so next class we'll look at the french revolution all right so so i know this was a lot but are there any questions about what we've learned so far excuse", "word_count": 160, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-001", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4809.44, "text": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-002", "start": 4809.44, "end": 4813.72, "text": "that the new society should now have a new religion a state", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-003", "start": 4813.72, "end": 4821.07, "text": "religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-004", "start": 4821.07, "end": 4826.87, "text": "reason must reject all other religions because these religions are intolerant of", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-005", "start": 4826.87, "end": 4831, "text": "each other and that's why in french today there's so much conflict", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-006", "start": 4831, "end": 4835.02, "text": "between uh there's so much conflict in in society okay you have", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-007", "start": 4835.02, "end": 4838.64, "text": "a lot of islamic immigrants and they're always in conflict with the", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-008", "start": 4838.64, "end": 4844.64, "text": "french state because the french state insists on secular um on a", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-009", "start": 4844.64, "end": 4852.24, "text": "secular religion the islamists want to practice their own religion okay okay", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-010", "start": 4852.24, "end": 4857.12, "text": "so that's it okay so these ideas that we looked at will", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-011", "start": 4857.12, "end": 4861.12, "text": "now become the basis of the french revolution right so next class", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-012", "start": 4861.12, "end": 4864.94, "text": "we'll look at the french revolution all right so so i know", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-013", "start": 4864.94, "end": 4867.88, "text": "this was a lot but are there any questions about what we've", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0074-chunk-014", "start": 4867.88, "end": 4869.32, "text": "learned so far excuse", "word_count": 4 } ], "text_sha256": "e8201ef28054f8fc68eb2b377b0d714a949433a4014e61fb78e6d16bc4f18d56", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0074", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4806s", "time_label": "1:20:06", "tags": [ "monologue" ] }, { "id": "seg-0075", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay or enforced but over generations right over the centuries it becomes part of your tradition right so what is religion okay good people okay what do we know that people are loyal to people are loyal to their home right their land and that's true right people like being in a place they they don't want to move most people in the world don't want to move if you give Maybe if people of Chinese, the choice of just moving to America, you think everyone would go. But no, no, no. Most people would not go because they want to live where they grew up. So they're loyal to the land, they're loyal to the family, they're loyal to tradition or culture, they're loyal to food.", "word_count": 168, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-001", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4878.25, "text": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-002", "start": 4878.25, "end": 4888.56, "text": "great question all right sorry let me um all right so what", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-003", "start": 4888.56, "end": 4894.88, "text": "you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-004", "start": 4895.94, "end": 4901.78, "text": "something that is um adopted okay or enforced but over generations right", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-005", "start": 4901.78, "end": 4906.14, "text": "over the centuries it becomes part of your tradition right so what", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-006", "start": 4906.14, "end": 4914.44, "text": "is religion okay good people okay what do we know that people", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-007", "start": 4914.44, "end": 4917.98, "text": "are loyal to people are loyal to their home right their land", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-008", "start": 4917.98, "end": 4923.87, "text": "and that's true right people like being in a place they they", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-009", "start": 4923.87, "end": 4926.07, "text": "don't want to move most people in the world don't want to", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-010", "start": 4926.07, "end": 4928.67, "text": "move if you give Maybe if people of Chinese,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-011", "start": 4928.97, "end": 4931.19, "text": "the choice of just moving to America,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-012", "start": 4931.47, "end": 4932.35, "text": "you think everyone would go.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-013", "start": 4932.47, "end": 4933.11, "text": "But no, no, no.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-014", "start": 4933.19, "end": 4937.21, "text": "Most people would not go because they want to live where they", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-015", "start": 4937.21, "end": 4937.57, "text": "grew up.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-016", "start": 4937.87, "end": 4939.39, "text": "So they're loyal to the land,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-017", "start": 4939.55, "end": 4940.91, "text": "they're loyal to the family,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-018", "start": 4941.09, "end": 4943.2, "text": "they're loyal", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0075-chunk-019", "start": 4943.2, "end": 4950.31, "text": "to tradition or culture, they're loyal to food.", "word_count": 8 } ], "text_sha256": "a51a42d7d39d9054256be4a4de2c3cac7401be461982ed8aaf7608a5053df736", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0075", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4872s", "time_label": "1:21:12", "tags": [ "exchange" ] }, { "id": "seg-0076", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "start": 4952.37, "end": 5011.69, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "This is true for most people. If you grew up eating, I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes. You want to eat rice. So what this tells us is that people are, first and foremost, people of habit. Does that make sense? Why? Why are people of habit? Because this is a really important idea. And I know this is a strange idea because it feels good. Do you understand? Because when you do something out of habit, you feel good. You feel good about yourself. When you break this habit, you feel bad about yourself. And the only way that you know if something is good or bad is how you feel about it, okay? Right? Like, you're eating rice and you're happy eating rice because you've been doing this all your life, and now you're eating potatoes, and it kind of tastes weird. But I tell you, hey, no, no.", "word_count": 155, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-001", "start": 4952.37, "end": 4954.45, "text": "This is true for most people.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-002", "start": 4954.45, "end": 4956.45, "text": "If you grew up eating,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-003", "start": 4956.67, "end": 4960.71, "text": "I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-004", "start": 4960.99, "end": 4961.83, "text": "You want to eat rice.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-005", "start": 4964.03, "end": 4968.6, "text": "So what this tells us is that people are,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-006", "start": 4968.72, "end": 4972.01, "text": "first and foremost, people of habit.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-007", "start": 4972.39, "end": 4973.23, "text": "Does that make sense?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-008", "start": 4973.89, "end": 4975.93, "text": "Why? Why are people of habit?", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-009", "start": 4976.31, "end": 4977.91, "text": "Because this is a really important idea.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-010", "start": 4978.67, "end": 4983, "text": "And I know this is a strange idea because it feels good.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-011", "start": 4985.13, "end": 4985.73, "text": "Do you understand?", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-012", "start": 4986.48, "end": 4988.16, "text": "Because when you do something out of habit,", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-013", "start": 4988.34, "end": 4989.1, "text": "you feel good.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-014", "start": 4989.12, "end": 4990.5, "text": "You feel good about yourself.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-015", "start": 4990.74, "end": 4992.16, "text": "When you break this habit,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-016", "start": 4992.4, "end": 4994.16, "text": "you feel bad about yourself.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-017", "start": 4994.74, "end": 4998.1, "text": "And the only way that you know if something is good or", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-018", "start": 4998.1, "end": 4999.8, "text": "bad is how you feel about it,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-019", "start": 4999.84, "end": 5001.28, "text": "okay? Right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-020", "start": 5002.75, "end": 5005.69, "text": "Like, you're eating rice and you're happy eating rice because you've been", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-021", "start": 5005.69, "end": 5006.59, "text": "doing this all your life,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-022", "start": 5006.71, "end": 5008.77, "text": "and now you're eating potatoes,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-023", "start": 5009.03, "end": 5010.33, "text": "and it kind of tastes weird.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-024", "start": 5010.51, "end": 5011.03, "text": "But I tell you,", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0076-chunk-025", "start": 5011.05, "end": 5011.69, "text": "hey, no, no.", "word_count": 3 } ], "text_sha256": "6acf350876e29c2375886263f0c176dc976b240c686f64b22840ded958f44e45", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0076", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=4952s", "time_label": "1:22:32", "tags": [ "exchange" ] }, { "id": "seg-0077", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that make sense? And guess what? These ideas are all encapsulated in religion because religion is what determines your culture, your food. It's what your family practices. It is your connection to your family. It's your connection to your land. Okay? And that's why people will die for the religion because religion is really a metaphor for all these things that people understand and know and love. Does that make sense? Okay? Now, what you will learn in this class is people just don't die for religion. They also die for ideas, which include the nation. Right? The nation state. Because all that, because what you will learn in this class is what the French Revolution will do is sort of process where religion becomes part of the nation.", "word_count": 167, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-001", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5013.41, "text": "Eating potatoes is better for you.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-002", "start": 5013.69, "end": 5016.95, "text": "It's more nutritious, it's cheaper,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-003", "start": 5017.27, "end": 5018.07, "text": "you don't care.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-004", "start": 5018.27, "end": 5020.45, "text": "Okay? You're not feeling good.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-005", "start": 5020.79, "end": 5022.39, "text": "So you resort to habit.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-006", "start": 5022.57, "end": 5023.99, "text": "And habit is in the land,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-007", "start": 5024.15, "end": 5026.53, "text": "the family, the tradition, and the food.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-008", "start": 5026.91, "end": 5027.83, "text": "Does that make sense?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-009", "start": 5028.11, "end": 5028.97, "text": "And guess what?", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-010", "start": 5030.2, "end": 5035.38, "text": "These ideas are all encapsulated in religion because religion is what determines", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-011", "start": 5035.38, "end": 5038.06, "text": "your culture, your food.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-012", "start": 5038.22, "end": 5039.42, "text": "It's what your family practices.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-013", "start": 5039.64, "end": 5042.02, "text": "It is your connection to your family.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-014", "start": 5042.08, "end": 5043.08, "text": "It's your connection to your land.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-015", "start": 5043.36, "end": 5046.7, "text": "Okay? And that's why people will die for the religion because religion", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-016", "start": 5046.7, "end": 5055.9, "text": "is really a metaphor for all these things that people understand and", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-017", "start": 5055.9, "end": 5056.86, "text": "know and love.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-018", "start": 5058.2, "end": 5059.22, "text": "Does that make sense?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-019", "start": 5059.71, "end": 5063.47, "text": "Okay? Now, what you will learn in this class is people just", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-020", "start": 5063.47, "end": 5064.65, "text": "don't die for religion.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-021", "start": 5064.81, "end": 5066.55, "text": "They also die for ideas,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-022", "start": 5066.85, "end": 5069.81, "text": "which include the nation.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-023", "start": 5071.5, "end": 5073, "text": "Right? The nation state.", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-024", "start": 5073.24, "end": 5075.94, "text": "Because all that, because what you will learn in this class is", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-025", "start": 5075.94, "end": 5077.84, "text": "what the French Revolution will do is", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0077-chunk-026", "start": 5077.84, "end": 5083.38, "text": "sort of process where religion becomes part of the nation.", "word_count": 10 } ], "text_sha256": "36546468d86ef3eac2d4a770bac1aefd15abdaced9de7687f85e751116bcfbca", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0077", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=5011s", "time_label": "1:23:31", "tags": [ "exchange" ] }, { "id": "seg-0078", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for the nation. Okay? And they won't even think about it. But it starts during the French Revolution. Okay? Does that make sense to you? Okay. Great. Okay. All right. Good question. So how can a religion be based on reason? All right. So traditionally, religion is given to us by God. Okay? Right? Every religion is like, well, we have this religion because God told us to believe in it. Okay? So the way you do that is through priests who then tell you what to believe. Okay? So this is the way that most religion is practiced. Right? What the Enlightenment thinkers are saying, especially Rousseau is, no, no, no, no.", "word_count": 151, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-001", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5089.5, "text": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-002", "start": 5090.83, "end": 5094.57, "text": "Okay? So people will also die for the nation.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-003", "start": 5094.67, "end": 5099.89, "text": "That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-004", "start": 5099.89, "end": 5102.03, "text": "and World War II where people will die for the nation.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-005", "start": 5103, "end": 5104.5, "text": "Okay? And they won't even think about it.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-006", "start": 5105.28, "end": 5107.36, "text": "But it starts during the French Revolution.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-007", "start": 5107.64, "end": 5109.04, "text": "Okay? Does that make sense to you?", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-008", "start": 5109.38, "end": 5110.1, "text": "Okay. Great.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-009", "start": 5130.79, "end": 5132.56, "text": "Okay. All right.", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-010", "start": 5133.1, "end": 5133.74, "text": "Good question.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-011", "start": 5134.16, "end": 5136, "text": "So how can a religion be based on reason?", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-012", "start": 5136.36, "end": 5136.6, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-013", "start": 5139.32, "end": 5146.43, "text": "So traditionally, religion is given to us by God.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-014", "start": 5146.57, "end": 5147.13, "text": "Okay? Right?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-015", "start": 5147.63, "end": 5148.75, "text": "Every religion is like, well,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-016", "start": 5148.85, "end": 5151.81, "text": "we have this religion because God told us to believe in it.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-017", "start": 5151.97, "end": 5160.18, "text": "Okay? So the way you do that is through priests who then", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-018", "start": 5160.18, "end": 5161.98, "text": "tell you what to believe.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-019", "start": 5162.82, "end": 5165.34, "text": "Okay? So this is the way that most religion is practiced.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-020", "start": 5165.48, "end": 5168.41, "text": "Right? What the Enlightenment thinkers are saying,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-021", "start": 5168.59, "end": 5170.59, "text": "especially Rousseau is, no, no,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-022", "start": 5170.61, "end": 5170.67, "text": "no,", "word_count": 1 }, { "id": "seg-0078-chunk-023", "start": 5170.69, "end": 5170.877, "text": "no.", "word_count": 1 } ], "text_sha256": "2b40399ad9a2d038aa3c77490c7b12e7567cd3df239834c02796f84a5f4d892e", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0078", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=5084s", "time_label": "1:24:44", "tags": [ "exchange" ] }, { "id": "seg-0079", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5239.58, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "This system doesn't really work. Right? Because you have reason. And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God. So you don't really need priests. Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like. And from first principles, you can deduce the religion. Right? Okay? Does that make sense? Now, if you just reason from first principles about what religion should be like, what are they? Well, first of all, there is a God. Okay? First of all, there is a God. Second of all is that there is heaven and hell. You do good things, you go to heaven. You do bad things, you go to hell. Right? That's the second thing. Third thing is good people go to heaven. Therefore, you should do good. Okay? And then fourth would be like, if you believe in these things, you are free to believe anything else. For example, you're like, I don't know. I believe that animals have the same rights as humans.", "word_count": 166, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-001", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5171.81, "text": "This system doesn't really work.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-002", "start": 5171.97, "end": 5175.51, "text": "Right? Because you have reason.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-003", "start": 5179.66, "end": 5182.4, "text": "And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-004", "start": 5183.25, "end": 5185.15, "text": "So you don't really need priests.", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-005", "start": 5185.57, "end": 5192.64, "text": "Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-006", "start": 5193.06, "end": 5196.84, "text": "And from first principles, you can deduce the religion.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-007", "start": 5197.96, "end": 5199.75, "text": "Right? Okay?", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-008", "start": 5199.77, "end": 5200.23, "text": "Does that make sense?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-009", "start": 5200.45, "end": 5204.31, "text": "Now, if you just reason from first principles about what religion should", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-010", "start": 5204.31, "end": 5206.2, "text": "be like, what are they?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-011", "start": 5206.28, "end": 5208.42, "text": "Well, first of all, there is a God.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-012", "start": 5208.56, "end": 5209.88, "text": "Okay? First of all, there is a God.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-013", "start": 5210.32, "end": 5212.98, "text": "Second of all is that there is heaven and hell.", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-014", "start": 5213.32, "end": 5215.86, "text": "You do good things, you go to heaven.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-015", "start": 5215.94, "end": 5217.16, "text": "You do bad things, you go to hell.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-016", "start": 5217.4, "end": 5218.28, "text": "Right? That's the second thing.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-017", "start": 5218.4, "end": 5221.77, "text": "Third thing is good people go to heaven.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-018", "start": 5221.97, "end": 5223.03, "text": "Therefore, you should do good.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-019", "start": 5223.98, "end": 5226.28, "text": "Okay? And then fourth would be like,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-020", "start": 5226.32, "end": 5229.95, "text": "if you believe in these things,", "word_count": 6 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-021", "start": 5230.15, "end": 5232.09, "text": "you are free to believe anything else.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-022", "start": 5232.99, "end": 5235.28, "text": "For example, you're like, I don't know.", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-023", "start": 5235.28, "end": 5238, "text": "I believe that", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0079-chunk-024", "start": 5238, "end": 5239.58, "text": "animals have the same rights as humans.", "word_count": 7 } ], "text_sha256": "e924ec217a4e050230adf297ba3f47316786bd50a305af9afa998858a989c3cf", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0079", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=5170s", "time_label": "1:26:10", "tags": [ "exchange" ] }, { "id": "seg-0080", "source_ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "text": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're able to exercise reason by yourself, you should be able to deduce the basic principles of an organized state religion. And that's what he does in the social contract. And it becomes a basis, again, for the French Revolution. Okay? Does that make sense? All right. Any more questions? Okay. Great. Okay. So I apologize for the length of this class, but the French Revolution is really complicated, and I really need to explain some basic ideas to you. Okay? So next class, we'll do Rose Pier. All right?", "word_count": 126, "timed_chunks": [ { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-001", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5242.6, "text": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-002", "start": 5243.26, "end": 5245.76, "text": "Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well.", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-003", "start": 5246.37, "end": 5247.03, "text": "Okay? Do you understand?", "word_count": 4 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-004", "start": 5247.71, "end": 5250.93, "text": "So what we're saying is that just from general principles,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-005", "start": 5251.09, "end": 5254.43, "text": "just if you're able to exercise reason by yourself,", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-006", "start": 5254.93, "end": 5261.25, "text": "you should be able to deduce the basic principles of an organized", "word_count": 12 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-007", "start": 5261.25, "end": 5262.13, "text": "state religion.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-008", "start": 5262.57, "end": 5264.43, "text": "And that's what he does in the social contract.", "word_count": 9 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-009", "start": 5264.43, "end": 5265.96, "text": "And it becomes a basis,", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-010", "start": 5266.02, "end": 5267.68, "text": "again, for the French Revolution.", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-011", "start": 5268.62, "end": 5270.04, "text": "Okay? Does that make sense?", "word_count": 5 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-012", "start": 5271.51, "end": 5272.05, "text": "All right.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-013", "start": 5274.51, "end": 5275.31, "text": "Any more questions?", "word_count": 3 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-014", "start": 5275.96, "end": 5277.58, "text": "Okay. Great.", "word_count": 2 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-015", "start": 5277.76, "end": 5282.04, "text": "Okay. So I apologize for the length of this class,", "word_count": 10 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-016", "start": 5282.16, "end": 5283.74, "text": "but the French Revolution is really complicated,", "word_count": 7 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-017", "start": 5283.98, "end": 5287.78, "text": "and I really need to explain some basic ideas to you.", "word_count": 11 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-018", "start": 5287.84, "end": 5290.68, "text": "Okay? So next class, we'll do Rose Pier.", "word_count": 8 }, { "id": "seg-0080-chunk-019", "start": 5291.22, "end": 5291.72, "text": "All right?", "word_count": 2 } ], "text_sha256": "6c181ae6f6207bcaf48137cca9e17ec7191b49e5654f0df9b00952b1e92912fd", "episode_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/", "transcript_url": "/episodes/predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o/transcript/#seg-0080", "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HwZx5kQm9o&t=5240s", "time_label": "1:27:20", "tags": [ "exchange" ] } ], "interactions": [ { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang opens a three-part French Revolution sequence by mapping four religious worldviews: animism, polytheism, monotheism, and modern deism. Modernity replaces faith, orthodoxy, and truth with reason, debate, and progress.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001", "segment_id": "seg-0001", "start": 0, "end": 82.16, "time_label": "0:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So today we start a three -part series on the French Revolution, which I believe to be the most significant event in human history. Okay, so let me very quickly explain its significance. So as I keep on mentioning in th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "segment_id": "seg-0002", "start": 82.16, "end": 165.73, "time_label": "1:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "we were interconnected with them we didn't fear death because life and death were part of the same continuous cycle okay so this is the idea of the animistic worldview from then we moved on to the polytheistic polytheis..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "segment_id": "seg-0003", "start": 165.73, "end": 242.53, "time_label": "2:45", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "ritualized manner okay in a way that the community expects of you and to embrace your fate no matter what it is okay that is the polytheistic worldview this then this uh leads us to the monotheistic worldview the monoth..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "segment_id": "seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "time_label": "4:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "segment_id": "seg-0005", "start": 314.98, "end": 390.14, "time_label": "5:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "yourself the truth but you have to make But in the debate, you're able to hear out the truth, okay? And if we do this, if we continue to exercise our reason, if we continue to engage in debate, what is often called the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0006", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He explains each worldview transition as a social mechanism, culminating in the French Revolution as the unprecedented hinge from Christian monotheism to modernism. Older worldviews persist, but newer systems try to displace them.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0006", "segment_id": "seg-0006", "start": 391.04, "end": 466.64, "time_label": "6:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So the animistic period is the most natural. It's what makes the most sense. Quite honestly, if animals had a religion, it would probably be an animistic religion, okay? So how do we transition from the animistic to apo..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "segment_id": "seg-0007", "start": 466.92, "end": 542.9, "time_label": "7:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire, okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism, the Christian period, into modernism, all right? And this turning point, which is the most radic..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008", "segment_id": "seg-0008", "start": 542.94, "end": 626.91, "time_label": "9:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are still people who believe in animism, polytheism, okay, but they're the minority. The dominant people are still the monotheists, okay? And they're in competition with the modernists, okay, who are the anarchist..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang gives the three-class framework: the French Revolution is a religious crusade requiring a poet, prophet, and prince. Rousseau imagines the rational world, Robespierre leads people toward it, and Napoleon conquers outward from it.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "segment_id": "seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "time_label": "10:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All r..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "segment_id": "seg-0010", "start": 712.14, "end": 788.47, "time_label": "11:52", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So the poet is Rousseau, Jean -Jacques Rousseau. He wrote the social contract. We will be focusing on Rousseau. We will be focusing on him, mainly today. Okay? He's the one who introduces the idea that it is possible to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011", "segment_id": "seg-0011", "start": 788.55, "end": 855.58, "time_label": "13:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this person's name, of course, is Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon. And this is the last class. All right? And my argument to you today is that, without the active cooperation of all three, if they're not able to build..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He connects Dante, Renaissance, Reformation, the Second Revolution, and gunpowder to structural changes that create the middle class. He then classifies bourgeoisie and petite bourgeoisie by wealth, status, and revolutionary appetite.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "segment_id": "seg-0012", "start": 855.9, "end": 945.72, "time_label": "14:15", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right. So, let's talk about the ideas that underpin the French Revolution. The Enlightenment. Okay? How did we get into the modern period where the ideas are now reason, debate, and progress? Okay. So let's go back..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013", "segment_id": "seg-0013", "start": 946, "end": 1022.67, "time_label": "15:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? The idea of a nation. Okay? At first, it's an absolute monarchy, but then after the French Revolution, it transitions into a nation state. Okay? From decentralization into centralization, basically. That's the fir..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "segment_id": "seg-0014", "start": 1022.83, "end": 1096.89, "time_label": "17:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They come from the same families. Okay? But they're the leading elite of society. Okay? You have the tall people, the nobility and the clergy. And then at the other end are the peasants and slaves. But of course, I mean..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "segment_id": "seg-0015", "start": 1097.05, "end": 1168.06, "time_label": "18:17", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The burgers. And the leading citizens of a town usually are the factory owners. The merchants. The people who trade. The bankers. The people who have control of the money. The lawyers. Okay? So these are the bourgeoisie..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "segment_id": "seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "time_label": "19:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang defines the proletariat as precarious urban craftspeople who provide revolutionary muscle, then warns that class categories and loyalties are unstable. Religious allegiance can make peasants side with nobility against urban revolutionaries.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "segment_id": "seg-0017", "start": 1239.32, "end": 1324.66, "time_label": "20:39", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the last group is what will be referred to in the future, not now, as the proletariat. Proletariat. The proletariat are basically artisans, craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers, and they have..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "segment_id": "seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "time_label": "22:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loy..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "segment_id": "seg-0019", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1468.78, "time_label": "23:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests. Okay? Does that make sense? All right? So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember. There are different groups. This is an oversimplification. And..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He identifies education, achievement, and morality as middle-class identity markers, ties sexual morality and childhood to class resources, and defines the Enlightenment as science brought into society to create a European middle-class identity.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "segment_id": "seg-0020", "start": 1468.78, "end": 1554.24, "time_label": "24:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "discuss, what the middle class will do is they will slowly adopt the Enlightenment principles of reason, debate, and progress. Okay? That's how the middle class, or most members of the aspirational middle class, will tr..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "segment_id": "seg-0021", "start": 1554.24, "end": 1610.36, "time_label": "25:54", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I want my children to be better than me. Okay? If you're a peasant, you don't believe your children will live a better life. If you're nobility, you don't really care if your children live a better life. But for the mid..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "segment_id": "seg-0022", "start": 1610.76, "end": 1668.933, "time_label": "26:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are tons and tons of prostitutes in these cities. At this time in Europe. Okay? We just walk on the street and guess what? There are prostitutes everywhere. So as a poor person, you have absolutely no control over..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang contrasts Dante's love with Enlightenment reason: love requires connection and restrains thought, while independent reason can justify anything. He also locates Enlightenment sociability in salons and coffeehouses.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026", "segment_id": "seg-0026", "start": 1897.04, "end": 1977.83, "time_label": "31:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? So there's a huge difference between love and reason. And it's really important that the Enlightenment thinkers see reason as the central organizing principle of human society and not love. Okay? So I just want yo..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0027", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He turns to Descartes, reading Meditations as the Enlightenment method: demolish inherited belief, withdraw into self-examination, doubt everything, and find the self in the capacity to doubt.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Descartes passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0027", "segment_id": "seg-0027", "start": 1978.71, "end": 2043.293, "time_label": "32:58", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? And these salons were places for the leading intellectuals of the time to come and debate ideas. Right? So these were the leading women of that time. All right. So there were, there are lots and lots of Enlightenm..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "segment_id": "seg-0028", "start": 2043.293, "end": 2104.78, "time_label": "34:03", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And he wrote a book called Meditations on the First Philosophy. This is a really, really important book in development of Western civilization. We will be referring to this book quite often for the rest of the semester...." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "segment_id": "seg-0029", "start": 2104.78, "end": 2160.11, "time_label": "35:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "life, the whole structure would have to be utterly demolished and that I would have to begin again from the bottom up if I wish to construct something lasting and unshakable in the sciences. And what he's saying here is..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "segment_id": "seg-0030", "start": 2160.11, "end": 2208.91, "time_label": "36:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this is the idea of enlightenment. All right. And this is the idea of education. You know, when we try to teach you critical thinking skills, this is what we're trying to do. Okay. Trying to get you to question thin..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031", "segment_id": "seg-0031", "start": 2208.91, "end": 2270.1, "time_label": "36:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "has come and so today I have discharged my mind from all its cares and I've carved out a space of untroubled leisure. I've withdrawn into seclusion and shall at last be able to devote myself seriously without encumbranc..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "segment_id": "seg-0032", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2299.69, "time_label": "37:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I don't. It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. So what do I know to be..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0033" ], "kind": "unclear", "summary": "A one-word unknown-speaker segment appears between Descartes passages; it does not form a substantive public question.", "speaker_attribution": "Unknown diarization label.", "confidence": "low", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0033", "segment_id": "seg-0033", "start": 2301.23, "end": 2301.75, "time_label": "38:21", "speaker": "UNKNOWN", "excerpt": "Okay." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang completes Descartes by arguing that the proof of God's goodness is tautological, but the important legacy is the elevation of individual reason over church, dogma, and society.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "segment_id": "seg-0034", "start": 2304.55, "end": 2371.18, "time_label": "38:24", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The thing that I know to be absolutely true is my capacity to doubt. And that is who I am. Therefore, I exist. And so the capacity to doubt is my soul. Right. Now, how do I know that God exists? Well, if God didn't exis..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "segment_id": "seg-0035", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2442.86, "time_label": "39:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Right. God is perfect. Therefore, I know God is good. God is good. Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0036", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0039", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He introduces Goethe's Faust as an Enlightenment rewriting of Job. Job's God forbids questioning, while Faust's God values curiosity; Mephistopheles attacks reason as a gift that makes confused humans more beastly.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Job/Faust material.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0036", "segment_id": "seg-0036", "start": 2442.92, "end": 2506.06, "time_label": "40:42", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay. And so Faust the book of Faust it's based on another book called the book of Job which we find in the Bible. In the book of Job it's about this very pious individual who is very faithful to God. Okay. He's very we..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "segment_id": "seg-0037", "start": 2506.22, "end": 2566.71, "time_label": "41:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "You take away his children. And he will curse you. And God says fine. I make you this bet. You can do anything you you can do anything you want to him. But you must not kill him. Okay. That's the only condition. So Sata..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "segment_id": "seg-0038", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2631.82, "time_label": "42:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Do not ever believe you can question me. Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and wealth. Okay. So it's a very strange story. And it's one that is meant to inspire fear among people. And so what God..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0039", "segment_id": "seg-0039", "start": 2631.82, "end": 2689.25, "time_label": "43:51", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "God you know what the worst thing you ever did was allow humans the capacity to reason. Because you're idiots. You're stupid. If you're stupid and you can reason all it does is confuse you and make you unhappy. And then..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040", "segment_id": "seg-0040", "start": 2689.51, "end": 2750.97, "time_label": "44:49", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is Mephistopheles saying to God their lives will be a little easier if you not let them glimpse the light of heaven. They call it reason and employ it only to be more bestial than any beast. Okay. What's important..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0042", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0043", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0044", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang reads Faust as the story of curiosity protected by God. Faust experiences the world, briefly becomes complacent in civic achievement, but is saved because God ultimately rewards striving, curiosity, forgiveness, and love.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Faust passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "segment_id": "seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "time_label": "45:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. And Mephist..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0042", "segment_id": "seg-0042", "start": 2817.82, "end": 2875.32, "time_label": "46:57", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Alright? Now so Mephistopheles and Phos meet and Mephistopheles says to Phos listen I know you want to know the truth about the world I want I know you want to experience the whole world but you can't do it by yourself..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0043", "segment_id": "seg-0043", "start": 2875.32, "end": 2939.81, "time_label": "47:55", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "brother finds out and tries to kill Phos Phos kills the brother Gretchen is pregnant and then has to kill the baby because Phos has disappeared and then Gretchen basically dies in prison okay? So it sounds terrible but..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0044", "segment_id": "seg-0044", "start": 2940.07, "end": 3000.03, "time_label": "49:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay, so he is an architect, and he is an urban planner working for the government. He's a civil servant, basically. And his job is to make the city much more livable for people, okay? To help civilize the world. And he..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "segment_id": "seg-0045", "start": 3001.33, "end": 3062.335, "time_label": "50:01", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But because he's seeking pride in this moment, he's now lost a bet to Mephistopheles, right? He's now become complacent. He wants to live in the moment. You can't do that. Yes, I've surrendered to this thought's insiste..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "segment_id": "seg-0046", "start": 3062.335, "end": 3142.5, "time_label": "51:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In this moment, when he feels he's contributed to development of society, he feels at peace. He feels fulfilled, okay? And so, the irony is that at this moment, when he's most fulfilled, he's at peace. He should not be..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest w..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He turns to Kant's 'What is Enlightenment?' and defines enlightenment as the courage to use one's own understanding without another's guidance.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Kant passage.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0049", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0050", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang develops Kant's solution: individuals are lazy and fearful, but a public can enlighten itself through freedom and open debate. He reads Kant as an absolutist on public reason and expression.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Kant passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0049", "segment_id": "seg-0049", "start": 3267.78, "end": 3324, "time_label": "54:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "notes rather than to actually read this text for yourself and understand them yourself, that's why you rely on me, okay? What well... But if you don't ever rely on yourself, you going to be free to think. It doesn't mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0050", "segment_id": "seg-0050", "start": 3324, "end": 3383.39, "time_label": "55:24", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "try it okay so everyone can do it but only a few can do it so what's the solution to this problem the solution is free and open debate does that make sense if you're able to access information you're able to access diff..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "segment_id": "seg-0051", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3443.48, "time_label": "56:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress if there's a debate if everyone is able to hear different opinions then society will always be able to hear different opinions if there's a debate almost..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "segment_id": "seg-0052", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3503.61, "time_label": "57:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and for the capacity to j..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0053", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He applies Kant to his own teacher role, contrasts obedience to institutional duties with service to human progress, then pivots through Voltaire to Rousseau as the French Enlightenment thinker whose ideas drive the French Revolution.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture.", "confidence": "medium", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0053", "segment_id": "seg-0053", "start": 3503.61, "end": 3572.48, "time_label": "58:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I'm your teacher okay I'm your teacher now I can perceive myself in different ways I can perceive myself as a employee of a school in China therefore I must be aware of I must be aware of censorship laws in China I must..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "segment_id": "seg-0054", "start": 3572.48, "end": 3634.88, "time_label": "59:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "development in European countries so I have something different in theff I tell the different simplify I try toарищ a traditional statement to show a personal есть the world as a citizen dedicated to the progress of hum..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "segment_id": "seg-0056", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3757.96, "time_label": "1:01:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want to spend too much time on him..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang reads Rousseau's Emile as a theory of negative education: before reason develops, children should play rather than be schooled. He ties this to the modern idea of childhood and states his own distrust of schools.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Rousseau passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "segment_id": "seg-0057", "start": 3757.96, "end": 3821.11, "time_label": "1:02:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "faculties have developed for while it is blind it cannot see the torch you offer it nor can it follow through the vast expanse of ideas of paths so faintly traced by reason that eyes can scarcely follow it okay so what..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "segment_id": "seg-0060", "start": 3940.97, "end": 3994.47, "time_label": "1:05:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "also believe very heavily in this idea i'm not i don't want to send my kids to school before age 12 possibly even age 16. okay i don't i work in a school so i don't really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He contrasts peasants as obedient habit-creatures with savages as free problem-solvers, then argues that schools are primarily built to control children. The packet ends by introducing Rousseau's anti-property account of inequality.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Rousseau passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "segment_id": "seg-0061", "start": 3994.47, "end": 4055.42, "time_label": "1:06:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "keen senses but for great subtlety of mind savages are really smart peasants are really dull why generally speaking there is nothing duller than a peasant or sharper than a savage what is the cause of this difference th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "segment_id": "seg-0062", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4113.12, "time_label": "1:07:35", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to educate your child well then le..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "segment_id": "seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "time_label": "1:08:33", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "segment_id": "seg-0064", "start": 4184.02, "end": 4240.72, "time_label": "1:09:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "have a major impact on the french revolution and enlightenment okay it's an idea of private property where does private property come from the first man who having closed a piece of ground he thought himself of saying t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang completes Rousseau's inequality argument: private property creates inequality, patriarchy, and war. He then introduces The Social Contract as the Bible of the French Revolution and begins with 'man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.'", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Rousseau passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "segment_id": "seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "time_label": "1:10:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "segment_id": "seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "time_label": "1:11:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the peopl..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "He explains Rousseau's general will and particular will, contrasts French idealism with American suspicion of common-interest reasoning, and follows Rousseau into measurable progress, population growth, and the French Revolution's metric impulse.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Rousseau passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "segment_id": "seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "time_label": "1:13:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we bel..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "segment_id": "seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "time_label": "1:15:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "segment_id": "seg-0070", "start": 4566.562, "end": 4625.83, "time_label": "1:16:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So if you only think about the common interest, everyone would come to the same conclusion about everything. Okay? If the general will is to emerge clearly, it's important that there should be no partial society within..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072", "segment_id": "seg-0072", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4749.54, "time_label": "1:18:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They are? Can you guess? These two countries are the countries that are most, that were most against the French Revolution. These countries are? America and Britain, okay? Yeah, it's true. In China we use Celsius, right..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074" ], "kind": "monologue", "summary": "Jiang reads Rousseau's civil religion as rejection of Christian politics and as the basis for separation of church and state, secular state religion, and conflict between peasants and revolutionaries.", "speaker_attribution": "Jiang classroom lecture with quoted Rousseau passages.", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "segment_id": "seg-0073", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4806.02, "time_label": "1:19:09", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of church and state which become..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078" ], "kind": "exchange", "summary": "A student asks why peasants are so loyal to religion. Jiang answers that religion becomes habit, land, family, tradition, food, and the felt goodness of home; the French Revolution will transplant this sacrificial loyalty into the nation.", "speaker_attribution": "Student question followed by Jiang answer; diarization labels do not separate speakers cleanly.", "confidence": "medium", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "segment_id": "seg-0076", "start": 4952.37, "end": 5011.69, "time_label": "1:22:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is true for most people. If you grew up eating, I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes. You want to eat rice. So what this tells us is that people are, first and foremost, people of habit. Does that mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "kind": "exchange", "summary": "A student asks how religion can be based on reason. Jiang answers that Enlightenment religion bypasses priests: reason deduces basic dogmas such as God, heaven and hell, moral reward, and tolerance of beliefs that do not contradict the state religion.", "speaker_attribution": "Student question followed by Jiang answer; speaker boundary inferred from Jiang repeating the question.", "confidence": "medium", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "segment_id": "seg-0079", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5239.58, "time_label": "1:26:10", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This system doesn't really work. Right? Because you have reason. And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God. So you don't really need priests. Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "speaker_notes": [ { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0033" ], "note": "The UNKNOWN 'Okay' is likely incidental classroom audio or diarization noise, not a meaningful exchange.", "suggested_speaker": null, "confidence": "low", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0033", "segment_id": "seg-0033", "start": 2301.23, "end": 2301.75, "time_label": "38:21", "speaker": "UNKNOWN", "excerpt": "Okay." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075" ], "note": "The transcript folds the student question into Jiang's segment; 'why are peasants so loyal to the religion' is treated as a real classroom question because Jiang explicitly calls it a good question and answers it.", "suggested_speaker": "student then Jiang", "confidence": "medium", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078" ], "note": "The religion-based-on-reason question is likewise embedded in Jiang's segment but functions as a substantive classroom question.", "suggested_speaker": "student then Jiang", "confidence": "medium", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "claims": [ { "claim": "Society is underpinned by religious worldview; Jiang's simplified sequence is animism, polytheism, monotheism, and modern deism.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004" ], "temporal_scope": "Framework presented in the 2025-04-22 lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "worldviews", "religion", "modernity" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001", "segment_id": "seg-0001", "start": 0, "end": 82.16, "time_label": "0:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So today we start a three -part series on the French Revolution, which I believe to be the most significant event in human history. Okay, so let me very quickly explain its significance. So as I keep on mentioning in th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "segment_id": "seg-0002", "start": 82.16, "end": 165.73, "time_label": "1:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "we were interconnected with them we didn't fear death because life and death were part of the same continuous cycle okay so this is the idea of the animistic worldview from then we moved on to the polytheistic polytheis..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "segment_id": "seg-0003", "start": 165.73, "end": 242.53, "time_label": "2:45", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "ritualized manner okay in a way that the community expects of you and to embrace your fate no matter what it is okay that is the polytheistic worldview this then this uh leads us to the monotheistic worldview the monoth..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "segment_id": "seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "time_label": "4:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Modernity is the Christian worldview inverted: faith becomes reason, orthodoxy becomes debate, and truth becomes progress.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005" ], "temporal_scope": "Definition of the modern period in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "deism", "reason", "debate", "progress" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "segment_id": "seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "time_label": "4:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "segment_id": "seg-0005", "start": 314.98, "end": 390.14, "time_label": "5:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "yourself the truth but you have to make But in the debate, you're able to hear out the truth, okay? And if we do this, if we continue to exercise our reason, if we continue to engage in debate, what is often called the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The French Revolution is the most radical turning point in human history because modernity, communism, World War I, and World War II become unintelligible without it.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture thesis about the French Revolution's long-run significance.", "topic_tags": [ "french-revolution", "modernity", "world-war", "communism" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "segment_id": "seg-0007", "start": 466.92, "end": 542.9, "time_label": "7:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire, okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism, the Christian period, into modernism, all right? And this turning point, which is the most radic..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "No worldview is inherently superior, but each newer worldview believes itself superior and therefore attempts to crush or displace older ones.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008" ], "temporal_scope": "Worldview-conflict model in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "worldview-conflict", "superiority", "displacement" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008", "segment_id": "seg-0008", "start": 542.94, "end": 626.91, "time_label": "9:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are still people who believe in animism, polytheism, okay, but they're the minority. The dominant people are still the monotheists, okay? And they're in competition with the modernists, okay, who are the anarchist..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The French Revolution was ultimately a religious crusade that needed three cooperating figures: Rousseau as poet, Robespierre as prophet, and Napoleon as prince.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011" ], "temporal_scope": "Thesis for this and the following two French Revolution lectures.", "topic_tags": [ "french-revolution", "crusade", "rousseau", "robespierre", "napoleon" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "segment_id": "seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "time_label": "10:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All r..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "segment_id": "seg-0010", "start": 712.14, "end": 788.47, "time_label": "11:52", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So the poet is Rousseau, Jean -Jacques Rousseau. He wrote the social contract. We will be focusing on Rousseau. We will be focusing on him, mainly today. Okay? He's the one who introduces the idea that it is possible to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011", "segment_id": "seg-0011", "start": 788.55, "end": 855.58, "time_label": "13:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this person's name, of course, is Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon. And this is the last class. All right? And my argument to you today is that, without the active cooperation of all three, if they're not able to build..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Dante's prophetic reimagining of the world helps unleash the Renaissance, Reformation, and Second Revolution, which combine with gunpowder to produce nation, urban industry, and science.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang's causal bridge from Dante to the Enlightenment.", "topic_tags": [ "dante", "enlightenment", "gunpowder", "nation-state", "science" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "segment_id": "seg-0012", "start": 855.9, "end": 945.72, "time_label": "14:15", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right. So, let's talk about the ideas that underpin the French Revolution. The Enlightenment. Okay? How did we get into the modern period where the ideas are now reason, debate, and progress? Okay. So let's go back..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013", "segment_id": "seg-0013", "start": 946, "end": 1022.67, "time_label": "15:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? The idea of a nation. Okay? At first, it's an absolute monarchy, but then after the French Revolution, it transitions into a nation state. Okay? From decentralization into centralization, basically. That's the fir..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The bourgeoisie are the moneyed town elite who finance war, industry, and roads and therefore tend to be conservative because they already possess status.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition of the bourgeoisie.", "topic_tags": [ "bourgeoisie", "middle-class", "finance", "conservatism" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "segment_id": "seg-0014", "start": 1022.83, "end": 1096.89, "time_label": "17:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They come from the same families. Okay? But they're the leading elite of society. Okay? You have the tall people, the nobility and the clergy. And then at the other end are the peasants and slaves. But of course, I mean..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "segment_id": "seg-0015", "start": 1097.05, "end": 1168.06, "time_label": "18:17", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The burgers. And the leading citizens of a town usually are the factory owners. The merchants. The people who trade. The bankers. The people who have control of the money. The lawyers. Okay? So these are the bourgeoisie..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The petite bourgeoisie are comfortable but aspirational provincial elites, and Jiang identifies them as the group most likely to lead revolutions.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition with French and Communist Revolution examples.", "topic_tags": [ "petite-bourgeoisie", "revolutionary-leadership", "middle-class" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "segment_id": "seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "time_label": "19:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The proletariat are precarious urban craftspeople who tend toward violence and supply the muscle of revolutions, while petite bourgeois thinkers often supply leadership.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition of revolutionary social roles.", "topic_tags": [ "proletariat", "revolution", "precarity", "violence" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "segment_id": "seg-0017", "start": 1239.32, "end": 1324.66, "time_label": "20:39", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the last group is what will be referred to in the future, not now, as the proletariat. Proletariat. The proletariat are basically artisans, craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers, and they have..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Class loyalties in revolution are unstable; in the French Revolution, religious interest led peasants and nobility to cooperate against revolutionaries who threatened Catholicism.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019" ], "temporal_scope": "French Revolution framework in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "class-loyalty", "religion", "peasants", "french-revolution" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "segment_id": "seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "time_label": "22:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loy..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "segment_id": "seg-0019", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1468.78, "time_label": "23:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests. Okay? Does that make sense? All right? So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember. There are different groups. This is an oversimplification. And..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Middle-class identity is built around education, achievement, and morality, including sexual self-control and the capacity to give children a childhood.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture model of middle-class formation.", "topic_tags": [ "middle-class", "education", "achievement", "morality", "childhood" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "segment_id": "seg-0020", "start": 1468.78, "end": 1554.24, "time_label": "24:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "discuss, what the middle class will do is they will slowly adopt the Enlightenment principles of reason, debate, and progress. Okay? That's how the middle class, or most members of the aspirational middle class, will tr..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "segment_id": "seg-0021", "start": 1554.24, "end": 1610.36, "time_label": "25:54", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I want my children to be better than me. Okay? If you're a peasant, you don't believe your children will live a better life. If you're nobility, you don't really care if your children live a better life. But for the mid..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "segment_id": "seg-0022", "start": 1610.76, "end": 1668.933, "time_label": "26:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are tons and tons of prostitutes in these cities. At this time in Europe. Okay? We just walk on the street and guess what? There are prostitutes everywhere. So as a poor person, you have absolutely no control over..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The European Enlightenment is a movement to systemize and institutionalize Dante for a new European middle-class identity, and Jiang distinguishes it from the British Enlightenment.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition before the thinker survey.", "topic_tags": [ "enlightenment", "dante", "middle-class", "britain", "europe" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The decisive difference between Dante and the Enlightenment is that Dante's divine gift is love, while Enlightenment thinkers make reason the central organizing principle.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026" ], "temporal_scope": "Interpretive contrast in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "dante", "reason", "love", "enlightenment" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026", "segment_id": "seg-0026", "start": 1897.04, "end": 1977.83, "time_label": "31:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? So there's a huge difference between love and reason. And it's really important that the Enlightenment thinkers see reason as the central organizing principle of human society and not love. Okay? So I just want yo..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Reason without love's relational restraint can reason its way to concentration camps, nuclear bombs, and genocide.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025" ], "temporal_scope": "Normative warning in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "reason", "love", "violence", "restraint" ], "claim_type": "normative", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Descartes represents a radical departure from authority because truth becomes something the individual must test through self-doubt and self-examination.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Descartes.", "topic_tags": [ "descartes", "doubt", "authority", "education" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "segment_id": "seg-0028", "start": 2043.293, "end": 2104.78, "time_label": "34:03", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And he wrote a book called Meditations on the First Philosophy. This is a really, really important book in development of Western civilization. We will be referring to this book quite often for the rest of the semester...." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "segment_id": "seg-0029", "start": 2104.78, "end": 2160.11, "time_label": "35:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "life, the whole structure would have to be utterly demolished and that I would have to begin again from the bottom up if I wish to construct something lasting and unshakable in the sciences. And what he's saying here is..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "segment_id": "seg-0030", "start": 2160.11, "end": 2208.91, "time_label": "36:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this is the idea of enlightenment. All right. And this is the idea of education. You know, when we try to teach you critical thinking skills, this is what we're trying to do. Okay. Trying to get you to question thin..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031", "segment_id": "seg-0031", "start": 2208.91, "end": 2270.1, "time_label": "36:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "has come and so today I have discharged my mind from all its cares and I've carved out a space of untroubled leisure. I've withdrawn into seclusion and shall at last be able to devote myself seriously without encumbranc..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Jiang reads Descartes' famous formula as 'I doubt, therefore I am': doubt is the irreducible certainty and the evidence of the soul.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Descartes.", "topic_tags": [ "descartes", "doubt", "soul" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "segment_id": "seg-0032", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2299.69, "time_label": "37:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I don't. It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. 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And so Faust the book of Faust it's based on another book called the book of Job which we find in the Bible. In the book of Job it's about this very pious individual who is very faithful to God. Okay. He's very we..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "segment_id": "seg-0037", "start": 2506.22, "end": 2566.71, "time_label": "41:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "You take away his children. And he will curse you. And God says fine. I make you this bet. You can do anything you you can do anything you want to him. But you must not kill him. Okay. That's the only condition. So Sata..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "segment_id": "seg-0038", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2631.82, "time_label": "42:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Do not ever believe you can question me. Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and wealth. Okay. So it's a very strange story. 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If you're stupid and you can reason all it does is confuse you and make you unhappy. And then..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040", "segment_id": "seg-0040", "start": 2689.51, "end": 2750.97, "time_label": "44:49", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is Mephistopheles saying to God their lives will be a little easier if you not let them glimpse the light of heaven. They call it reason and employ it only to be more bestial than any beast. Okay. What's important..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "In Jiang's reading of Faust, curiosity is how humans show faith in God; God leads the curious into clarity.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Faust.", "topic_tags": [ "faust", "curiosity", "faith", "god" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "segment_id": "seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "time_label": "45:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. 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He's a civil servant, basically. And his job is to make the city much more livable for people, okay? To help civilize the world. And he..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "segment_id": "seg-0045", "start": 3001.33, "end": 3062.335, "time_label": "50:01", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But because he's seeking pride in this moment, he's now lost a bet to Mephistopheles, right? He's now become complacent. He wants to live in the moment. You can't do that. Yes, I've surrendered to this thought's insiste..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "segment_id": "seg-0046", "start": 3062.335, "end": 3142.5, "time_label": "51:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In this moment, when he feels he's contributed to development of society, he feels at peace. He feels fulfilled, okay? And so, the irony is that at this moment, when he's most fulfilled, he's at peace. He should not be..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? 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"video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "segment_id": "seg-0054", "start": 3572.48, "end": 3634.88, "time_label": "59:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "development in European countries so I have something different in theff I tell the different simplify I try toарищ a traditional statement to show a personal есть the world as a citizen dedicated to the progress of hum..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau is presented as the most influential Enlightenment thinker in France and as the thinker whose ideas 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"video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Emile.", "topic_tags": [ "rousseau", "emile", "education", "childhood" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "segment_id": "seg-0057", "start": 3757.96, "end": 3821.11, "time_label": "1:02:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "faculties have developed for while it is blind it cannot see the torch you offer it nor can it follow through the vast expanse of ideas of paths so faintly traced by reason that eyes can scarcely follow it okay so what..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Jiang says the modern idea of childhood comes from Rousseau's claim that children should be allowed to play until around age twelve.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture claim about modern childhood.", "topic_tags": [ "childhood", "rousseau", "education" ], "claim_type": "evidence", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." } ], 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in a school so i don't really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "segment_id": "seg-0061", "start": 3994.47, "end": 4055.42, "time_label": "1:06:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "keen senses but for great subtlety of mind savages are really smart peasants are really dull why generally speaking there is nothing duller than a peasant or sharper than a savage what is the cause of this difference th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "segment_id": "seg-0062", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4113.12, "time_label": "1:07:35", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to educate your child well then le..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Schools are first and foremost designed to control children, not educate them.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang's stated diagnosis in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "schools", "control", "education", "children" ], "claim_type": "diagnosis", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "segment_id": "seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "time_label": "1:08:33", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's account of private property makes ownership the founder of civil society and the source of inequality, patriarchy, and war.", "refs": [ 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are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The Social Contract is the Bible of the French Revolution in Jiang's account because it reasons from general principles toward a society people choose rather than are compelled to enter.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture framing of Rousseau's Social Contract.", "topic_tags": [ "social-contract", "french-revolution", "rousseau" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "segment_id": "seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "time_label": "1:10:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "segment_id": "seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "time_label": "1:11:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the peopl..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The general will is what people can agree on when reasoning from the common interest, while particular will is interest-bound group preference.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition of Rousseau's will distinction.", "topic_tags": [ "general-will", "particular-will", "rousseau", "common-interest" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "segment_id": "seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "time_label": "1:13:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we bel..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Jiang marks the French Revolution as fundamentally idealistic because it believes people can reason toward the common interest, whereas the American Revolution denies this premise.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture contrast between French and American revolutions.", "topic_tags": [ "french-revolution", "american-revolution", "idealism", "general-will" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "segment_id": "seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "time_label": "1:15:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's political reason leads Jiang to 'count, measure, compare': good government becomes measurable progress, and the French Revolution expresses that in the metric system.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Rousseau's measurement logic.", "topic_tags": [ "measurement", "progress", "metric-system", "rousseau" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "segment_id": "seg-0070", "start": 4566.562, "end": 4625.83, "time_label": "1:16:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So if you only think about the common interest, everyone would come to the same conclusion about everything. Okay? If the general will is to emerge clearly, it's important that there should be no partial society within..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072", "segment_id": "seg-0072", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4749.54, "time_label": "1:18:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They are? Can you guess? These two countries are the countries that are most, that were most against the French Revolution. These countries are? America and Britain, okay? Yeah, it's true. In China we use Celsius, right..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's civil religion rejects a Christian republic, separates church and state, and helps create the basis for the French nation-state.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Rousseau's civil religion.", "topic_tags": [ "civil-religion", "secular-state", "rousseau", "french-nation-state" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "segment_id": "seg-0073", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4806.02, "time_label": "1:19:09", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of church and state which become..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Peasants are loyal to religion because over generations religion becomes tradition, land, family, food, habit, and the felt texture of home.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang answer to a classroom question in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "religion", "habit", "peasants", "home", "tradition" ], "claim_type": "diagnosis", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "segment_id": "seg-0076", "start": 4952.37, "end": 5011.69, "time_label": "1:22:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is true for most people. If you grew up eating, I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes. You want to eat rice. So what this tells us is that people are, first and foremost, people of habit. Does that mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The French Revolution transplants religious loyalty into the nation, making people willing to die for national ideas and helping explain later mass wars.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture claim about nationalism after the French Revolution.", "topic_tags": [ "nation", "religion", "world-war", "sacrifice" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "A religion based on reason bypasses priests because humans can use reason to access God and deduce basic civil dogmas from first principles.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang answer to a classroom question in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "reason", "civil-religion", "priests", "rousseau" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "segment_id": "seg-0079", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5239.58, "time_label": "1:26:10", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This system doesn't really work. Right? Because you have reason. And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God. So you don't really need priests. Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "signature_moments": [ { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005" ], "moment": "Modernity is not secular emptiness; it is a new religious grammar built from reason, debate, and progress.", "source_phrase": "replacing faith with reason, orthodoxy with debate, and truth with progress", "why_it_matters": "This is the lecture's compressed key for treating Enlightenment reason as a religious mutation.", "tone": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "segment_id": "seg-0005", "start": 314.98, "end": 390.14, "time_label": "5:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "yourself the truth but you have to make But in the debate, you're able to hear out the truth, okay? And if we do this, if we continue to exercise our reason, if we continue to engage in debate, what is often called the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007" ], "moment": "The French Revolution is presented as the event without which modernity cannot happen.", "source_phrase": "Without the French Revolution, modernity could not happen", "why_it_matters": "It sets the stakes for the next three lectures and turns the episode from intellectual history into world-historical origin story.", "tone": "provocation", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "segment_id": "seg-0007", "start": 466.92, "end": 542.9, "time_label": "7:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire, okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism, the Christian period, into modernism, all right? And this turning point, which is the most radic..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009" ], "moment": "A revolution needs a poet to see the promised land, a prophet to walk people toward it, and a prince to conquer it.", "source_phrase": "the poet to envision the future... the prophet... the prince, or the conqueror", "why_it_matters": "This gives the whole French Revolution mini-series its mythic architecture.", "tone": "metaphor", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "segment_id": "seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "time_label": "10:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All r..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016" ], "moment": "The revolutionary leader is not the poorest person but the provincial elite who can see higher status and cannot reach it.", "source_phrase": "They're the provincial elite", "why_it_matters": "It explains revolution as frustrated aspiration, not simple poverty.", "tone": "reversal", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "segment_id": "seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "time_label": "19:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018" ], "moment": "Poor people can fight poor people because religion can matter more than class.", "source_phrase": "why would poor people be fighting against poor people? Well, it's because they have different religious interests", "why_it_matters": "It blocks a flat economic reading of revolution and keeps worldview as the deeper causal layer.", "tone": "reversal", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "segment_id": "seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "time_label": "22:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loy..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023" ], "moment": "Childhood itself becomes a middle-class invention, not an eternal human default.", "source_phrase": "The modern concept of childhood comes from this period", "why_it_matters": "It shows Jiang treating moral life and family structure as products of class resources.", "tone": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025" ], "moment": "Love restrains reason because it forces connection; reason alone can become capable of anything.", "source_phrase": "if you're capable of reasoning by yourself, you can reason anything", "why_it_matters": "This is the lecture's sharpest moral distinction between Dante and Enlightenment modernity.", "tone": "provocation", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032" ], "moment": "The Enlightenment self begins not with thought in general but with doubt as the one thing that cannot be doubted.", "source_phrase": "I doubt. Therefore, I am.", "why_it_matters": "It condenses Jiang's Descartes into the method that later modern institutions inherit.", "tone": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "segment_id": "seg-0032", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2299.69, "time_label": "37:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I don't. It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. So what do I know to be..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035" ], "moment": "Reason becomes more powerful than the church, dogma, and society itself.", "source_phrase": "the idea of reason is the most powerful force in the world", "why_it_matters": "It marks the Enlightenment's transfer of authority into the individual mind.", "tone": "provocation", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "segment_id": "seg-0035", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2442.86, "time_label": "39:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Right. God is perfect. Therefore, I know God is good. God is good. Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037" ], "moment": "Job's God terrifies humans away from questioning: do not ever think you can understand me.", "source_phrase": "Do not ever think you can understand me", "why_it_matters": "It sets up why Faust's curious God feels like a revolution in religious psychology.", "tone": "reversal", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "segment_id": "seg-0037", "start": 2506.22, "end": 2566.71, "time_label": "41:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "You take away his children. And he will curse you. And God says fine. I make you this bet. You can do anything you you can do anything you want to him. But you must not kill him. Okay. That's the only condition. So Sata..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041" ], "moment": "Curiosity itself becomes a form of faith.", "source_phrase": "to be curious and that's how we show our faith in God", "why_it_matters": "It captures the optimistic Enlightenment theology Jiang finds in Goethe.", "tone": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "segment_id": "seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "time_label": "45:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. And Mephist..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047" ], "moment": "God protects the striving soul no matter how many stupid things it does.", "source_phrase": "God will always protect us, no matter how many stupid things we do", "why_it_matters": "This is the warmest form of Jiang's Enlightenment reading: reason and curiosity are underwritten by divine mercy.", "tone": "provocation", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest w..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048" ], "moment": "Enlightenment is not information possession; it is courage to stop outsourcing your mind.", "source_phrase": "have the courage to use your own understanding", "why_it_matters": "This prepares Kant's free-expression argument and links education to autonomy.", "tone": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052" ], "moment": "Censorship is not just suppression of speech; it is a denial that people have reason.", "source_phrase": "whenever you censor something you're denying freedom to people", "why_it_matters": "It makes Kant's public reason a moral anthropology, not just a political rule.", "tone": "provocation", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "segment_id": "seg-0052", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3503.61, "time_label": "57:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and for the capacity to j..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055" ], "moment": "Progress depends on the new generation's power to negate the old generation.", "source_phrase": "a new generation's capacity to question and negate previous generations ideas", "why_it_matters": "It sharpens Enlightenment as intergenerational rebellion rather than polite improvement.", "tone": "causal-chain", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059" ], "moment": "By doing nothing at the beginning, Rousseau thinks you end with a project of education.", "source_phrase": "by doing nothing to begin with you would end with a project of education", "why_it_matters": "It gives Rousseau's educational radicalism its paradoxical force.", "tone": "reversal", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063" ], "moment": "School becomes a technology for adult convenience and child control.", "source_phrase": "schools are first and foremost designed to control children", "why_it_matters": "It is one of the lecture's sharpest applications of Rousseau to modern institutions.", "tone": "provocation", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "segment_id": "seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "time_label": "1:08:33", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066" ], "moment": "Slavery becomes a system that enslaves the masters most of all.", "source_phrase": "slavery is a system that enslaves all... especially the masters", "why_it_matters": "It turns domination into a trap for the dominator, a recurring Jiang pattern.", "tone": "reversal", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "segment_id": "seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "time_label": "1:11:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the peopl..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068" ], "moment": "The French Revolution imagines law as the general will made visible.", "source_phrase": "laws are just an expression of the general will", "why_it_matters": "It gives the revolution's political theology its institutional form.", "tone": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071" ], "moment": "Progress becomes a command to calculators: count, measure, compare.", "source_phrase": "Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare.", "why_it_matters": "It condenses the Enlightenment's faith in quantification into a memorable imperative.", "tone": "method", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074" ], "moment": "Reason becomes a state religion that rejects other religions because they are intolerant.", "source_phrase": "a new religion a state religion that is based on reason", "why_it_matters": "It shows Enlightenment secularism becoming religious in structure.", "tone": "reversal", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "moment": "Religion is a metaphor for land, family, tradition, food, and everything people know and love.", "source_phrase": "religion is really a metaphor for all these things that people understand and know and love", "why_it_matters": "It explains why rational reform fails when it attacks lived loyalty.", "tone": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078" ], "moment": "The nation inherits religion's power to make people die without thinking.", "source_phrase": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation", "why_it_matters": "It links French revolutionary civil religion to twentieth-century national sacrifice.", "tone": "causal-chain", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "predictions": [], "models": [ { "claim": "Society is underpinned by religious worldview; Jiang's simplified sequence is animism, polytheism, monotheism, and modern deism.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004" ], "temporal_scope": "Framework presented in the 2025-04-22 lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "worldviews", "religion", "modernity" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001", "segment_id": "seg-0001", "start": 0, "end": 82.16, "time_label": "0:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So today we start a three -part series on the French Revolution, which I believe to be the most significant event in human history. Okay, so let me very quickly explain its significance. So as I keep on mentioning in th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0002", "segment_id": "seg-0002", "start": 82.16, "end": 165.73, "time_label": "1:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "we were interconnected with them we didn't fear death because life and death were part of the same continuous cycle okay so this is the idea of the animistic worldview from then we moved on to the polytheistic polytheis..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0003", "segment_id": "seg-0003", "start": 165.73, "end": 242.53, "time_label": "2:45", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "ritualized manner okay in a way that the community expects of you and to embrace your fate no matter what it is okay that is the polytheistic worldview this then this uh leads us to the monotheistic worldview the monoth..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "segment_id": "seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "time_label": "4:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The French Revolution is the most radical turning point in human history because modernity, communism, World War I, and World War II become unintelligible without it.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture thesis about the French Revolution's long-run significance.", "topic_tags": [ "french-revolution", "modernity", "world-war", "communism" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "segment_id": "seg-0007", "start": 466.92, "end": 542.9, "time_label": "7:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire, okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism, the Christian period, into modernism, all right? And this turning point, which is the most radic..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "No worldview is inherently superior, but each newer worldview believes itself superior and therefore attempts to crush or displace older ones.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008" ], "temporal_scope": "Worldview-conflict model in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "worldview-conflict", "superiority", "displacement" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008", "segment_id": "seg-0008", "start": 542.94, "end": 626.91, "time_label": "9:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are still people who believe in animism, polytheism, okay, but they're the minority. The dominant people are still the monotheists, okay? And they're in competition with the modernists, okay, who are the anarchist..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The French Revolution was ultimately a religious crusade that needed three cooperating figures: Rousseau as poet, Robespierre as prophet, and Napoleon as prince.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011" ], "temporal_scope": "Thesis for this and the following two French Revolution lectures.", "topic_tags": [ "french-revolution", "crusade", "rousseau", "robespierre", "napoleon" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "segment_id": "seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "time_label": "10:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All r..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "segment_id": "seg-0010", "start": 712.14, "end": 788.47, "time_label": "11:52", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So the poet is Rousseau, Jean -Jacques Rousseau. He wrote the social contract. We will be focusing on Rousseau. We will be focusing on him, mainly today. Okay? He's the one who introduces the idea that it is possible to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011", "segment_id": "seg-0011", "start": 788.55, "end": 855.58, "time_label": "13:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this person's name, of course, is Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon. And this is the last class. All right? And my argument to you today is that, without the active cooperation of all three, if they're not able to build..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Dante's prophetic reimagining of the world helps unleash the Renaissance, Reformation, and Second Revolution, which combine with gunpowder to produce nation, urban industry, and science.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang's causal bridge from Dante to the Enlightenment.", "topic_tags": [ "dante", "enlightenment", "gunpowder", "nation-state", "science" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0012", "segment_id": "seg-0012", "start": 855.9, "end": 945.72, "time_label": "14:15", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right. So, let's talk about the ideas that underpin the French Revolution. The Enlightenment. Okay? How did we get into the modern period where the ideas are now reason, debate, and progress? Okay. So let's go back..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0013", "segment_id": "seg-0013", "start": 946, "end": 1022.67, "time_label": "15:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? The idea of a nation. Okay? At first, it's an absolute monarchy, but then after the French Revolution, it transitions into a nation state. Okay? From decentralization into centralization, basically. That's the fir..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Class loyalties in revolution are unstable; in the French Revolution, religious interest led peasants and nobility to cooperate against revolutionaries who threatened Catholicism.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019" ], "temporal_scope": "French Revolution framework in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "class-loyalty", "religion", "peasants", "french-revolution" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0018", "segment_id": "seg-0018", "start": 1324.66, "end": 1400.34, "time_label": "22:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? There are lots of interchange between the proletariat and the peasantry. There's lots of interchange between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Okay? These categories are not static. The other thing is that the loy..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0019", "segment_id": "seg-0019", "start": 1400.54, "end": 1468.78, "time_label": "23:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, it's because they have different religious interests. Okay? Does that make sense? All right? So this is a framework that I want you guys to remember. There are different groups. This is an oversimplification. And..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Middle-class identity is built around education, achievement, and morality, including sexual self-control and the capacity to give children a childhood.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture model of middle-class formation.", "topic_tags": [ "middle-class", "education", "achievement", "morality", "childhood" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "segment_id": "seg-0020", "start": 1468.78, "end": 1554.24, "time_label": "24:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "discuss, what the middle class will do is they will slowly adopt the Enlightenment principles of reason, debate, and progress. Okay? That's how the middle class, or most members of the aspirational middle class, will tr..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "segment_id": "seg-0021", "start": 1554.24, "end": 1610.36, "time_label": "25:54", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I want my children to be better than me. Okay? If you're a peasant, you don't believe your children will live a better life. If you're nobility, you don't really care if your children live a better life. But for the mid..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0022", "segment_id": "seg-0022", "start": 1610.76, "end": 1668.933, "time_label": "26:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are tons and tons of prostitutes in these cities. At this time in Europe. Okay? We just walk on the street and guess what? There are prostitutes everywhere. So as a poor person, you have absolutely no control over..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The decisive difference between Dante and the Enlightenment is that Dante's divine gift is love, while Enlightenment thinkers make reason the central organizing principle.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026" ], "temporal_scope": "Interpretive contrast in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "dante", "reason", "love", "enlightenment" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0026", "segment_id": "seg-0026", "start": 1897.04, "end": 1977.83, "time_label": "31:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? So there's a huge difference between love and reason. And it's really important that the Enlightenment thinkers see reason as the central organizing principle of human society and not love. Okay? So I just want yo..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Descartes represents a radical departure from authority because truth becomes something the individual must test through self-doubt and self-examination.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Descartes.", "topic_tags": [ "descartes", "doubt", "authority", "education" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "segment_id": "seg-0028", "start": 2043.293, "end": 2104.78, "time_label": "34:03", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And he wrote a book called Meditations on the First Philosophy. This is a really, really important book in development of Western civilization. We will be referring to this book quite often for the rest of the semester...." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "segment_id": "seg-0029", "start": 2104.78, "end": 2160.11, "time_label": "35:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "life, the whole structure would have to be utterly demolished and that I would have to begin again from the bottom up if I wish to construct something lasting and unshakable in the sciences. And what he's saying here is..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0030", "segment_id": "seg-0030", "start": 2160.11, "end": 2208.91, "time_label": "36:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this is the idea of enlightenment. All right. And this is the idea of education. You know, when we try to teach you critical thinking skills, this is what we're trying to do. Okay. Trying to get you to question thin..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031", "segment_id": "seg-0031", "start": 2208.91, "end": 2270.1, "time_label": "36:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "has come and so today I have discharged my mind from all its cares and I've carved out a space of untroubled leisure. I've withdrawn into seclusion and shall at last be able to devote myself seriously without encumbranc..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Goethe's Faust rewrites Job from a fear-inspiring story about God's unquestionable mystery into an optimistic Enlightenment story about curiosity.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0036", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Faust against Job.", "topic_tags": [ "goethe", "faust", "job", "curiosity", "enlightenment" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0036", "segment_id": "seg-0036", "start": 2442.92, "end": 2506.06, "time_label": "40:42", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay. And so Faust the book of Faust it's based on another book called the book of Job which we find in the Bible. In the book of Job it's about this very pious individual who is very faithful to God. Okay. He's very we..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0037", "segment_id": "seg-0037", "start": 2506.22, "end": 2566.71, "time_label": "41:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "You take away his children. And he will curse you. And God says fine. I make you this bet. You can do anything you you can do anything you want to him. But you must not kill him. Okay. That's the only condition. So Sata..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "segment_id": "seg-0038", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2631.82, "time_label": "42:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Do not ever believe you can question me. Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and wealth. Okay. So it's a very strange story. And it's one that is meant to inspire fear among people. And so what God..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "In Jiang's reading of Faust, Mephistopheles' wager is to make Faust complacent and lose curiosity, not merely to tempt him with ordinary sin.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0039", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Faust.", "topic_tags": [ "faust", "curiosity", "complacency", "mephistopheles" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0039", "segment_id": "seg-0039", "start": 2631.82, "end": 2689.25, "time_label": "43:51", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "God you know what the worst thing you ever did was allow humans the capacity to reason. Because you're idiots. You're stupid. If you're stupid and you can reason all it does is confuse you and make you unhappy. And then..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040", "segment_id": "seg-0040", "start": 2689.51, "end": 2750.97, "time_label": "44:49", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is Mephistopheles saying to God their lives will be a little easier if you not let them glimpse the light of heaven. They call it reason and employ it only to be more bestial than any beast. Okay. What's important..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "In Jiang's reading of Faust, curiosity is how humans show faith in God; God leads the curious into clarity.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Faust.", "topic_tags": [ "faust", "curiosity", "faith", "god" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0041", "segment_id": "seg-0041", "start": 2750.97, "end": 2817.17, "time_label": "45:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "earthly food or drink some ferment makes him want what is exotic yet he's half conscious of his father. Okay? Phos wants to understand the world he's curious he's driven by his curiosity and his imagination. And Mephist..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Faust loses the wager when he wants to stay forever in the moment of civic fulfillment, but angels take his soul because God values striving and mercy over contractual damnation.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0044", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Faust's ending.", "topic_tags": [ "faust", "striving", "mercy", "complacency" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0044", "segment_id": "seg-0044", "start": 2940.07, "end": 3000.03, "time_label": "49:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay, so he is an architect, and he is an urban planner working for the government. He's a civil servant, basically. And his job is to make the city much more livable for people, okay? To help civilize the world. And he..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "segment_id": "seg-0045", "start": 3001.33, "end": 3062.335, "time_label": "50:01", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But because he's seeking pride in this moment, he's now lost a bet to Mephistopheles, right? He's now become complacent. He wants to live in the moment. You can't do that. Yes, I've surrendered to this thought's insiste..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0046", "segment_id": "seg-0046", "start": 3062.335, "end": 3142.5, "time_label": "51:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In this moment, when he feels he's contributed to development of society, he feels at peace. He feels fulfilled, okay? And so, the irony is that at this moment, when he's most fulfilled, he's at peace. He should not be..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest w..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Kant's solution to dependency is free public use of reason: access to opinions and debate allows society to enlighten itself.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0050", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Kant.", "topic_tags": [ "kant", "public-reason", "debate", "freedom" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0050", "segment_id": "seg-0050", "start": 3324, "end": 3383.39, "time_label": "55:24", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "try it okay so everyone can do it but only a few can do it so what's the solution to this problem the solution is free and open debate does that make sense if you're able to access information you're able to access diff..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "segment_id": "seg-0051", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3443.48, "time_label": "56:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress if there's a debate if everyone is able to hear different opinions then society will always be able to hear different opinions if there's a debate almost..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's Emile argues that children should not be positively educated before reason develops; early education should be negative, preserving health and avoiding vice rather than teaching abstractions.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Emile.", "topic_tags": [ "rousseau", "emile", "education", "childhood" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0057", "segment_id": "seg-0057", "start": 3757.96, "end": 3821.11, "time_label": "1:02:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "faculties have developed for while it is blind it cannot see the torch you offer it nor can it follow through the vast expanse of ideas of paths so faintly traced by reason that eyes can scarcely follow it okay so what..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's contrast between savage and peasant is a contrast between free reasoning and obedient habit; Jiang uses it to argue that children should be allowed to be explorers rather than controlled subjects.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Rousseau.", "topic_tags": [ "savage", "peasant", "obedience", "reason", "education" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "segment_id": "seg-0060", "start": 3940.97, "end": 3994.47, "time_label": "1:05:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "also believe very heavily in this idea i'm not i don't want to send my kids to school before age 12 possibly even age 16. okay i don't i work in a school so i don't really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "segment_id": "seg-0061", "start": 3994.47, "end": 4055.42, "time_label": "1:06:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "keen senses but for great subtlety of mind savages are really smart peasants are really dull why generally speaking there is nothing duller than a peasant or sharper than a savage what is the cause of this difference th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "segment_id": "seg-0062", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4113.12, "time_label": "1:07:35", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to educate your child well then le..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's account of private property makes ownership the founder of civil society and the source of inequality, patriarchy, and war.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Discourse on Inequality.", "topic_tags": [ "rousseau", "private-property", "inequality", "war", "patriarchy" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "segment_id": "seg-0064", "start": 4184.02, "end": 4240.72, "time_label": "1:09:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "have a major impact on the french revolution and enlightenment okay it's an idea of private property where does private property come from the first man who having closed a piece of ground he thought himself of saying t..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "segment_id": "seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "time_label": "1:10:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Jiang marks the French Revolution as fundamentally idealistic because it believes people can reason toward the common interest, whereas the American Revolution denies this premise.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture contrast between French and American revolutions.", "topic_tags": [ "french-revolution", "american-revolution", "idealism", "general-will" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "segment_id": "seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "time_label": "1:15:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's political reason leads Jiang to 'count, measure, compare': good government becomes measurable progress, and the French Revolution expresses that in the metric system.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Rousseau's measurement logic.", "topic_tags": [ "measurement", "progress", "metric-system", "rousseau" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0070", "segment_id": "seg-0070", "start": 4566.562, "end": 4625.83, "time_label": "1:16:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So if you only think about the common interest, everyone would come to the same conclusion about everything. Okay? If the general will is to emerge clearly, it's important that there should be no partial society within..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072", "segment_id": "seg-0072", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4749.54, "time_label": "1:18:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They are? Can you guess? These two countries are the countries that are most, that were most against the French Revolution. These countries are? America and Britain, okay? Yeah, it's true. In China we use Celsius, right..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau's civil religion rejects a Christian republic, separates church and state, and helps create the basis for the French nation-state.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Rousseau's civil religion.", "topic_tags": [ "civil-religion", "secular-state", "rousseau", "french-nation-state" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "segment_id": "seg-0073", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4806.02, "time_label": "1:19:09", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of church and state which become..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The French Revolution transplants religious loyalty into the nation, making people willing to die for national ideas and helping explain later mass wars.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture claim about nationalism after the French Revolution.", "topic_tags": [ "nation", "religion", "world-war", "sacrifice" ], "claim_type": "model", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "diagnoses": [ { "claim": "Descartes' proof that God is good is tautological, but his important move is making individual reason stronger than church, dogma, and society.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Descartes.", "topic_tags": [ "descartes", "tautology", "reason", "church" ], "claim_type": "diagnosis", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "segment_id": "seg-0034", "start": 2304.55, "end": 2371.18, "time_label": "38:24", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The thing that I know to be absolutely true is my capacity to doubt. And that is who I am. Therefore, I exist. And so the capacity to doubt is my soul. Right. Now, how do I know that God exists? Well, if God didn't exis..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "segment_id": "seg-0035", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2442.86, "time_label": "39:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Right. God is perfect. Therefore, I know God is good. God is good. Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Schools are first and foremost designed to control children, not educate them.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang's stated diagnosis in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "schools", "control", "education", "children" ], "claim_type": "diagnosis", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0063", "segment_id": "seg-0063", "start": 4113.12, "end": 4184.02, "time_label": "1:08:33", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "man's handiwork and all as well if you take children out of school you have to play by themselves whatever they want guess what they become smart they become resilient they become educated they become curious they love..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Peasants are loyal to religion because over generations religion becomes tradition, land, family, food, habit, and the felt texture of home.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang answer to a classroom question in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "religion", "habit", "peasants", "home", "tradition" ], "claim_type": "diagnosis", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0076", "segment_id": "seg-0076", "start": 4952.37, "end": 5011.69, "time_label": "1:22:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is true for most people. If you grew up eating, I don't know, rice, you don't want to eat potatoes. You want to eat rice. So what this tells us is that people are, first and foremost, people of habit. Does that mak..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "other_claims": [ { "claim": "Modernity is the Christian worldview inverted: faith becomes reason, orthodoxy becomes debate, and truth becomes progress.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005" ], "temporal_scope": "Definition of the modern period in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "deism", "reason", "debate", "progress" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "segment_id": "seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "time_label": "4:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0005", "segment_id": "seg-0005", "start": 314.98, "end": 390.14, "time_label": "5:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "yourself the truth but you have to make But in the debate, you're able to hear out the truth, okay? And if we do this, if we continue to exercise our reason, if we continue to engage in debate, what is often called the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The bourgeoisie are the moneyed town elite who finance war, industry, and roads and therefore tend to be conservative because they already possess status.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition of the bourgeoisie.", "topic_tags": [ "bourgeoisie", "middle-class", "finance", "conservatism" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0014", "segment_id": "seg-0014", "start": 1022.83, "end": 1096.89, "time_label": "17:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They come from the same families. Okay? But they're the leading elite of society. Okay? You have the tall people, the nobility and the clergy. And then at the other end are the peasants and slaves. But of course, I mean..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0015", "segment_id": "seg-0015", "start": 1097.05, "end": 1168.06, "time_label": "18:17", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The burgers. And the leading citizens of a town usually are the factory owners. The merchants. The people who trade. The bankers. The people who have control of the money. The lawyers. Okay? So these are the bourgeoisie..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The petite bourgeoisie are comfortable but aspirational provincial elites, and Jiang identifies them as the group most likely to lead revolutions.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition with French and Communist Revolution examples.", "topic_tags": [ "petite-bourgeoisie", "revolutionary-leadership", "middle-class" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "segment_id": "seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "time_label": "19:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The proletariat are precarious urban craftspeople who tend toward violence and supply the muscle of revolutions, while petite bourgeois thinkers often supply leadership.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition of revolutionary social roles.", "topic_tags": [ "proletariat", "revolution", "precarity", "violence" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0017", "segment_id": "seg-0017", "start": 1239.32, "end": 1324.66, "time_label": "20:39", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the last group is what will be referred to in the future, not now, as the proletariat. Proletariat. The proletariat are basically artisans, craftspeople, people who work in cities and in the urban centers, and they have..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The European Enlightenment is a movement to systemize and institutionalize Dante for a new European middle-class identity, and Jiang distinguishes it from the British Enlightenment.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition before the thinker survey.", "topic_tags": [ "enlightenment", "dante", "middle-class", "britain", "europe" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0023", "segment_id": "seg-0023", "start": 1668.933, "end": 1740.03, "time_label": "27:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "What the middle class can do is give his or her child a childhood. Okay? The modern concept of childhood comes from this period when we're looking at this. All right? Okay. So that's the idea here. The Enlightenment bas..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Reason without love's relational restraint can reason its way to concentration camps, nuclear bombs, and genocide.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025" ], "temporal_scope": "Normative warning in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "reason", "love", "violence", "restraint" ], "claim_type": "normative", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Jiang reads Descartes' famous formula as 'I doubt, therefore I am': doubt is the irreducible certainty and the evidence of the soul.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Descartes.", "topic_tags": [ "descartes", "doubt", "soul" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0032", "segment_id": "seg-0032", "start": 2270.1, "end": 2299.69, "time_label": "37:50", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I don't. It's a constant process of self -negation. Okay. But what then he recognizes is that the only way that I can actually engage in this process of self -examination is through doubt. Right. So what do I know to be..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Kant's Enlightenment means emergence from self-imposed immaturity: the problem is not lack of reason but laziness, cowardice, and dependence on another's guidance.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture introduction to Kant.", "topic_tags": [ "kant", "enlightenment", "immaturity", "courage" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Jiang reads Kant as defending an absolutist understanding of freedom of expression, including speech others might hate, because censorship denies people's capacity to judge.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Kant and its American constitutional legacy.", "topic_tags": [ "free-speech", "kant", "censorship", "american-revolution" ], "claim_type": "normative", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "segment_id": "seg-0052", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3503.61, "time_label": "57:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and for the capacity to j..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "No generation has the right to bind later generations against further enlightenment; doing so is a crime against human nature and progress.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture interpretation of Kant.", "topic_tags": [ "progress", "generations", "authority", "enlightenment" ], "claim_type": "normative", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "segment_id": "seg-0054", "start": 3572.48, "end": 3634.88, "time_label": "59:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "development in European countries so I have something different in theff I tell the different simplify I try toарищ a traditional statement to show a personal есть the world as a citizen dedicated to the progress of hum..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Rousseau is presented as the most influential Enlightenment thinker in France and as the thinker whose ideas drive the French Revolution.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056" ], "temporal_scope": "Transition to Rousseau in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "rousseau", "french-revolution", "enlightenment" ], "claim_type": "evidence", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "segment_id": "seg-0056", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3757.96, "time_label": "1:01:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want to spend too much time on him..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "Jiang says the modern idea of childhood comes from Rousseau's claim that children should be allowed to play until around age twelve.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture claim about modern childhood.", "topic_tags": [ "childhood", "rousseau", "education" ], "claim_type": "evidence", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0059", "segment_id": "seg-0059", "start": 3880.92, "end": 3940.97, "time_label": "1:04:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "tell his right hand from his left the eyes of his understanding would be open to reason as soon as you began to teach him free from prejudices and free from habits there would be nothing in him to counteract the effects..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The Social Contract is the Bible of the French Revolution in Jiang's account because it reasons from general principles toward a society people choose rather than are compelled to enter.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture framing of Rousseau's Social Contract.", "topic_tags": [ "social-contract", "french-revolution", "rousseau" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0065", "segment_id": "seg-0065", "start": 4240.72, "end": 4304.06, "time_label": "1:10:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "come here we should all been like what are you talking about that makes no sense how do you claim this ground for yourself well we didn't do that in fact we claim our own ground or we let we let them have their own crow..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0066", "segment_id": "seg-0066", "start": 4304.06, "end": 4394.074, "time_label": "1:11:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is man is born free and everywhere he is in chains here is one who thinks he is the master of others yet is more enslaved than they are okay so we were born free but we choose to become slaves but knowing that the peopl..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "The general will is what people can agree on when reasoning from the common interest, while particular will is interest-bound group preference.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068" ], "temporal_scope": "Lecture definition of Rousseau's will distinction.", "topic_tags": [ "general-will", "particular-will", "rousseau", "common-interest" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "segment_id": "seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "time_label": "1:13:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we bel..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0068", "segment_id": "seg-0068", "start": 4452.614, "end": 4508.02, "time_label": "1:14:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So in other words, society, if it is to function well, must be based entirely on the general will and negate the particular will, on the common interest. And that's why everything works, because if laws are based on the..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "claim": "A religion based on reason bypasses priests because humans can use reason to access God and deduce basic civil dogmas from first principles.", "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "temporal_scope": "Jiang answer to a classroom question in this lecture.", "topic_tags": [ "reason", "civil-religion", "priests", "rousseau" ], "claim_type": "definition", "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0078", "segment_id": "seg-0078", "start": 5084.94, "end": 5170.877, "time_label": "1:24:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Our ideas of religion become transplanted into the nation. Okay? So people will also die for the nation. That's why you have these incredibly devastating wars like World War I and World War II where people will die for..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0079", "segment_id": "seg-0079", "start": 5170.877, "end": 5239.58, "time_label": "1:26:10", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This system doesn't really work. Right? Because you have reason. And, therefore, you have the capacity to access God. So you don't really need priests. Right? So we can just think reasonably what religion should be like..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "glossary_terms": [ { "term": "achievement ethos", "usages": [ "Middle-class belief that one should always improve and that children should live better lives than parents." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0020", "segment_id": "seg-0020", "start": 1468.78, "end": 1554.24, "time_label": "24:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "discuss, what the middle class will do is they will slowly adopt the Enlightenment principles of reason, debate, and progress. Okay? That's how the middle class, or most members of the aspirational middle class, will tr..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0021", "segment_id": "seg-0021", "start": 1554.24, "end": 1610.36, "time_label": "25:54", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I want my children to be better than me. Okay? If you're a peasant, you don't believe your children will live a better life. If you're nobility, you don't really care if your children live a better life. But for the mid..." } ] }, { "term": "civil religion", "usages": [ "A simple, reason-based state religion with basic dogmas and an exclusion of intolerance, used to ground the secular French nation-state." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0073", "segment_id": "seg-0073", "start": 4749.54, "end": 4806.02, "time_label": "1:19:09", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "to be slaves and they know it and don't mind much this short life counts for too little in their eyes okay so we're always rejecting religion in government this is the idea of separation of church and state which become..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." } ] }, { "term": "European Enlightenment", "usages": [ "For Jiang here, the continental movement that institutionalizes Dante through reason to build a European middle-class identity, distinct from the British Enlightenment." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ] }, { "term": "Faust as Enlightenment Job", "usages": [ "Goethe's work read as a reversal of Job in which curiosity and reason are favored rather than punished." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "segment_id": "seg-0038", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2631.82, "time_label": "42:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Do not ever believe you can question me. Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and wealth. Okay. So it's a very strange story. And it's one that is meant to inspire fear among people. And so what God..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0040", "segment_id": "seg-0040", "start": 2689.51, "end": 2750.97, "time_label": "44:49", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "This is Mephistopheles saying to God their lives will be a little easier if you not let them glimpse the light of heaven. They call it reason and employ it only to be more bestial than any beast. Okay. What's important..." } ] }, { "term": "general will", "usages": [ "Rousseau's common-interest will that people could reach if reasoning apart from partial associations." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "segment_id": "seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "time_label": "1:13:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we bel..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0069", "segment_id": "seg-0069", "start": 4508.1, "end": 4566.562, "time_label": "1:15:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "It believes that people are capable of considering the common interest. The American Revolution denies this, okay? So we will discuss the American Revolution later on, but I just want you to be aware of this, okay? The..." } ] }, { "term": "love as restraint", "usages": [ "Jiang's contrast to autonomous reason: love requires connection to another person and therefore limits what reason can justify." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0025", "segment_id": "seg-0025", "start": 1818.86, "end": 1897.04, "time_label": "30:18", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But there is a major difference that we must remember. Remember, the Enlightenment, for the Enlightenment thinkers, what God left us is a capacity to reason. Through reason, we can access the mind of God. Okay? Reason i..." } ] }, { "term": "modern deism", "usages": [ "The worldview that God created a perfect universe, left humans reason as the tool for understanding its laws, and expects humans to perfect life through those laws." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0004", "segment_id": "seg-0004", "start": 242.53, "end": 314.98, "time_label": "4:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "is a god god created the universe but then he left us he doesn't care about what happens anymore because the word he created was perfect and it is up to us to understand the perfect laws of the universe and then perfect..." } ] }, { "term": "negative education", "usages": [ "Rousseau's early education model: protect children from harm and vice, but do not force formal learning before reason develops." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0058", "segment_id": "seg-0058", "start": 3821.11, "end": 3880.92, "time_label": "1:03:41", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "really screw up the legs and that's what what we're always saying do not ever send kids to learn anything before the age of 12 because their faculty of reason has not developed before the age of 12. and guess what guys..." } ] }, { "term": "particular will", "usages": [ "Interest-bound will shaped by membership in a locality, class, or group rather than the common good." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0067", "segment_id": "seg-0067", "start": 4394.074, "end": 4452.614, "time_label": "1:13:14", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And what he says is this. There are two types of will. There's the general will and there's the particular will. General will is what we can agree on if we are left to reason by ourselves. Particular will is what we bel..." } ] }, { "term": "petite bourgeoisie", "usages": [ "Comfortable but not elite middle-class stratum, often provincial and aspirational, that Jiang treats as the typical source of revolutionary thought leaders." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0016", "segment_id": "seg-0016", "start": 1168.94, "end": 1239.32, "time_label": "19:28", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "All right? And these people are not rich, but they're solidly middle class. They're comfortable where they are. Okay? These people are school teachers. Maybe they're restaurant owners. Maybe they're notaries. Okay? So t..." } ] }, { "term": "poet, prophet, prince", "usages": [ "Jiang's triad for a successful revolutionary crusade: imagination, sacrificial leadership, and military expansion." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0009", "segment_id": "seg-0009", "start": 627.01, "end": 710.56, "time_label": "10:27", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this has led to a lot of conflict throughout human history, all right? So this is the overall framework we are working with. I know it's a bit simple, but for the purpose of this class, it's good enough, okay? All r..." } ] }, { "term": "public use of reason", "usages": [ "Kantian freedom to reason publicly as scholar or citizen, which Jiang treats as the engine of enlightenment." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0051", "segment_id": "seg-0051", "start": 3383.39, "end": 3443.48, "time_label": "56:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "of the multitude okay so this idea of reason debate and progress if there's a debate if everyone is able to hear different opinions then society will always be able to hear different opinions if there's a debate almost..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0052", "segment_id": "seg-0052", "start": 3443.48, "end": 3503.61, "time_label": "57:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "bring and Lenement to main kind he is arguing for absolute freedom of expression okay even if it's hate speech in you say racist things you're still allowed to say it because people have reason and for the capacity to j..." } ] }, { "term": "religion as habit", "usages": [ "Jiang's explanation that religion becomes loyalty to home, family, tradition, food, and the feelings attached to repeated practice." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0075", "segment_id": "seg-0075", "start": 4872.27, "end": 4950.31, "time_label": "1:21:12", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "me why are peasants so loyal to the religion right okay great great question all right sorry let me um all right so what you learned in this class is that the christian religion it is something that is um adopted okay o..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0077", "segment_id": "seg-0077", "start": 5011.77, "end": 5083.38, "time_label": "1:23:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Eating potatoes is better for you. It's more nutritious, it's cheaper, you don't care. Okay? You're not feeling good. So you resort to habit. And habit is in the land, the family, the tradition, and the food. Does that..." } ] }, { "term": "savage versus peasant", "usages": [ "Rousseau/Jiang contrast between the free, reasoning, problem-solving human and the obedient creature of habit." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0061", "segment_id": "seg-0061", "start": 3994.47, "end": 4055.42, "time_label": "1:06:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "keen senses but for great subtlety of mind savages are really smart peasants are really dull why generally speaking there is nothing duller than a peasant or sharper than a savage what is the cause of this difference th..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0062", "segment_id": "seg-0062", "start": 4055.42, "end": 4113.12, "time_label": "1:07:35", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "helps to explore the other the savage is an explorer the savage is a problem solver the savage is free and independent to make his own destiny that's the difference okay so if you want to educate your child well then le..." } ] }, { "term": "self-examination", "usages": [ "Descartes' method of withdrawing from inherited authority and testing belief through one's own reason." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0029", "segment_id": "seg-0029", "start": 2104.78, "end": 2160.11, "time_label": "35:04", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "life, the whole structure would have to be utterly demolished and that I would have to begin again from the bottom up if I wish to construct something lasting and unshakable in the sciences. And what he's saying here is..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0031", "segment_id": "seg-0031", "start": 2208.91, "end": 2270.1, "time_label": "36:48", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "has come and so today I have discharged my mind from all its cares and I've carved out a space of untroubled leisure. I've withdrawn into seclusion and shall at last be able to devote myself seriously without encumbranc..." } ] }, { "term": "self-imposed immaturity", "usages": [ "Kantian condition of relying on another's guidance despite possessing the capacity to reason oneself." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." } ] }, { "term": "striving", "usages": [ "The Faustian refusal to become complacent; for Jiang, it is the activity God ultimately protects." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0045", "segment_id": "seg-0045", "start": 3001.33, "end": 3062.335, "time_label": "50:01", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "But because he's seeking pride in this moment, he's now lost a bet to Mephistopheles, right? He's now become complacent. He wants to live in the moment. You can't do that. Yes, I've surrendered to this thought's insiste..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0047", "segment_id": "seg-0047", "start": 3142.72, "end": 3206.36, "time_label": "52:22", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They've snatched it away with cunning even, but whom could I even complain to anyway, okay? So Mephistopheles knows he's been tricked. But he has no say in the matter, okay? And so false, it is considered the greatest w..." } ] }, { "term": "tautology", "usages": [ "Jiang's label for Descartes' circular claim that God is perfect because God is good and good because perfect." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0034", "segment_id": "seg-0034", "start": 2304.55, "end": 2371.18, "time_label": "38:24", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "The thing that I know to be absolutely true is my capacity to doubt. And that is who I am. Therefore, I exist. And so the capacity to doubt is my soul. Right. Now, how do I know that God exists? Well, if God didn't exis..." } ] }, { "term": "Voltaire", "usages": [ "Presented briefly as an Enlightenment celebrity who mocked elites but was not, in Jiang's view, a deep thinker." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0055", "segment_id": "seg-0055", "start": 3634.88, "end": 3697.64, "time_label": "1:00:34", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "precisely in such progress okay this is a radical statement what he's saying is that i'm i'm a i'm of an older generation than you right i have absolutely no right to tell you what you think i was absolutely no right to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "segment_id": "seg-0056", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3757.96, "time_label": "1:01:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want to spend too much time on him..." } ] }, { "term": "worldview displacement", "usages": [ "Jiang's pattern that newer religious worldviews do not merely compete with older ones; they claim superiority and try to crush or replace them." ], "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008" ], "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0008", "segment_id": "seg-0008", "start": 542.94, "end": 626.91, "time_label": "9:02", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "There are still people who believe in animism, polytheism, okay, but they're the minority. The dominant people are still the monotheists, okay? And they're in competition with the modernists, okay, who are the anarchist..." } ] } ], "chronology_notes": [ { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007" ], "note": "The lecture explicitly begins a three-class French Revolution sequence and places this source before the Robespierre and Napoleon classes.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0007", "segment_id": "seg-0007", "start": 466.92, "end": 542.9, "time_label": "7:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Basically, it was a tool of control for the Roman Empire, okay? But then you have this massive transition from monotheism, the Christian period, into modernism, all right? And this turning point, which is the most radic..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011" ], "note": "The lecture previews the next two classes: Robespierre follows Rousseau, and Napoleon follows Robespierre.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0010", "segment_id": "seg-0010", "start": 712.14, "end": 788.47, "time_label": "11:52", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So the poet is Rousseau, Jean -Jacques Rousseau. He wrote the social contract. We will be focusing on Rousseau. We will be focusing on him, mainly today. Okay? He's the one who introduces the idea that it is possible to..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0011", "segment_id": "seg-0011", "start": 788.55, "end": 855.58, "time_label": "13:08", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And this person's name, of course, is Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon. And this is the last class. All right? And my argument to you today is that, without the active cooperation of all three, if they're not able to build..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024" ], "note": "Jiang says Britain will be treated after the French Revolution, so this lecture intentionally narrows to the continental Enlightenment.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0024", "segment_id": "seg-0024", "start": 1740.5, "end": 1818.56, "time_label": "29:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Okay? Any questions so far? Okay, great. All right. So let's start looking at some major thinkers of the Enlightenment. All right. So today's class is on the European Enlightenment. Now, what's really important for us t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028" ], "note": "Jiang says Meditations on First Philosophy will recur later in the semester, making this an early setup rather than the final Descartes treatment.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0028", "segment_id": "seg-0028", "start": 2043.293, "end": 2104.78, "time_label": "34:03", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "And he wrote a book called Meditations on the First Philosophy. This is a really, really important book in development of Western civilization. We will be referring to this book quite often for the rest of the semester...." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035" ], "note": "The Goethe section follows Descartes as the second major Enlightenment thinker/work after the reason-through-doubt setup.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0035", "segment_id": "seg-0035", "start": 2371.76, "end": 2442.86, "time_label": "39:31", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Right. God is perfect. Therefore, I know God is good. God is good. Therefore, he's perfect. Okay. It makes no sense. But, what's important is that René Descartes is asking us to challenge our assumptions about the world..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048" ], "note": "Kant is introduced after Goethe as the next major Enlightenment figure and Jiang says Kant will recur throughout the semester.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056" ], "note": "Rousseau is introduced after Kant and Voltaire as the main thinker for the rest of the lecture.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0056", "segment_id": "seg-0056", "start": 3697.64, "end": 3757.96, "time_label": "1:01:37", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "be and as such the middle class basically um worshipped him okay they love his contributions but he himself was not a very deep thinker okay himself was not a great thinker so i don't want to spend too much time on him..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064" ], "note": "The packet transitions from Emile to Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, moving from education to private property.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0064", "segment_id": "seg-0064", "start": 4184.02, "end": 4240.72, "time_label": "1:09:44", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "have a major impact on the french revolution and enlightenment okay it's an idea of private property where does private property come from the first man who having closed a piece of ground he thought himself of saying t..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072" ], "note": "The lecture links the metric system to the French Revolution and uses America and Britain as later holdouts against that revolutionary measurement order.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0071", "segment_id": "seg-0071", "start": 4625.97, "end": 4686.963, "time_label": "1:17:05", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Over to you. Calculators. Count. Measure. Compare. Okay. This is a really important idea here. What Rousseau is saying is that not only can we deduce good government from general principles, but good government can be m..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072", "segment_id": "seg-0072", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4749.54, "time_label": "1:18:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They are? Can you guess? These two countries are the countries that are most, that were most against the French Revolution. These countries are? America and Britain, okay? Yeah, it's true. In China we use Celsius, right..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080" ], "note": "The lecture ends by explicitly handing off to the next class on Robespierre.", "possible_update_to_prior_position": false, "confidence": "high", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0080", "segment_id": "seg-0080", "start": 5240.42, "end": 5291.72, "time_label": "1:27:20", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Well, that doesn't contradict what we already believe. Therefore, you can believe that animals can go to heaven as well. Okay? Do you understand? So what we're saying is that just from general principles, just if you're..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ], "uncertainty_notes": [ { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001" ], "note": "The transcript contains ASR noise in the animism setup, but the surrounding wording clearly supports the balance, harmony, and oneness model.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0001", "segment_id": "seg-0001", "start": 0, "end": 82.16, "time_label": "0:00", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "So today we start a three -part series on the French Revolution, which I believe to be the most significant event in human history. Okay, so let me very quickly explain its significance. So as I keep on mentioning in th..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038" ], "note": "Transcript renders Faust as 'Phos' or 'false' in places; semantic extraction normalizes the literary reference to Faust while refs preserve source provenance.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0038", "segment_id": "seg-0038", "start": 2566.77, "end": 2631.82, "time_label": "42:46", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "Do not ever believe you can question me. Okay. And then what God does is he restores Job's health and wealth. Okay. So it's a very strange story. And it's one that is meant to inspire fear among people. And so what God..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048" ], "note": "Transcript says 'self-imposed knowledge'; context and Kant reference indicate self-imposed immaturity/nonage.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0048", "segment_id": "seg-0048", "start": 3206.8, "end": 3267.78, "time_label": "53:26", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "In the world of our influential essay called What is Enlightenment? Why do we have enlightenment, okay? All right. So, enlightenment is man's emergence from his self -imposed knowledge. Knowledge is the inability to use..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0053", "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054" ], "note": "ASR quality drops in Jiang's teacher-role example; the stable semantic point is the contrast between institutional obedience and service to human progress.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0053", "segment_id": "seg-0053", "start": 3503.61, "end": 3572.48, "time_label": "58:23", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "I'm your teacher okay I'm your teacher now I can perceive myself in different ways I can perceive myself as a employee of a school in China therefore I must be aware of I must be aware of censorship laws in China I must..." }, { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0054", "segment_id": "seg-0054", "start": 3572.48, "end": 3634.88, "time_label": "59:32", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "development in European countries so I have something different in theff I tell the different simplify I try toарищ a traditional statement to show a personal есть the world as a citizen dedicated to the progress of hum..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060" ], "note": "Jiang states a personal view about his own children and schools; this should be kept as lecture self-disclosure, not generalized beyond the source.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0060", "segment_id": "seg-0060", "start": 3940.97, "end": 3994.47, "time_label": "1:05:40", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "also believe very heavily in this idea i'm not i don't want to send my kids to school before age 12 possibly even age 16. okay i don't i work in a school so i don't really trust schools i don't trust teachers it's it it..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072" ], "note": "The claim about exactly two non-metric countries is source content; later validation should not treat it as an independently verified fact.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0072", "segment_id": "seg-0072", "start": 4686.963, "end": 4749.54, "time_label": "1:18:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "They are? Can you guess? These two countries are the countries that are most, that were most against the French Revolution. These countries are? America and Britain, okay? Yeah, it's true. In China we use Celsius, right..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] }, { "refs": [ "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074" ], "note": "Jiang uses contemporary French Islam/secularism as an analogy; keep it tied to the lecture's civil-religion argument rather than extending it beyond this source.", "refs_detail": [ { "ref": "video:predictive-history-5hwzx5kqm9o@transcript:v1#seg-0074", "segment_id": "seg-0074", "start": 4806.02, "end": 4869.32, "time_label": "1:20:06", "speaker": "SPEAKER_00", "excerpt": "the cult we have rejected okay so what we're saying here is that the new society should now have a new religion a state religion that is based on reason okay and this new religion of reason must reject all other religio..." } ], "lens_points": [], "lens_points_detail": [] } ] }