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Jiang explains IVC walls as tools of economic administration rather than war: customs houses collected tolls and taxes from traders entering the city.
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Trade Control
Jiang explains IVC walls as tools of economic administration rather than war: customs houses collected tolls and taxes from traders entering the city.
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Transcript
"Okay? So authority is centralized in Sumer. Whereas authority is sort of decentralized in the IVC. Now here's a question. If we know, if..."
Transcript
"...still the hegemon because it controls world trade. Whoever controls world trade controls the world. Whoever controls the heartland controls world trade. Okay? Does..."
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Relevant Lectures And Readings
Reading
A source-grounded reading of the episode's central claim: the Indus Valley was a peaceful trade civilization whose lost religion may survive as the Indian nostalgia for oneness, false reality, and liberation without the gatekeeper.
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