blue-water navy

America's ocean-going naval capacity, which Jiang says lets it control trade routes despite others understanding the strategy.

A navy capable of projecting power across open oceans; Jiang says China does not yet have this capacity against U.S. maritime hegemony.

A navy capable of challenging the United States in oceanic warfare, which Jiang says Russia will need and China may finance.

Jiang uses this for ocean-going naval capacity able to challenge US sea power beyond coastal defense.

Jiang says America's attempt to control China's trade routes is obvious to other countries, but U.S. blue-water naval dominance means they cannot immediately stop it.

Jiang predicts that Russia will try to turn its shuttle fleet into a blue-water attritional force and that China will finance that maritime challenge.

Jiang predicts that a sanction-evading Russian shadow fleet could evolve into a kind of blue-water navy financed in part by Chinese concern over US maritime interdiction.

Jiang says China will also move closer to Russia because Russia is the only partner able to contest American piracy at sea, leading to joint blue-water naval development and shared support for Iran.

Jiang argues that China is not presently equipped to fight an overseas war near Iran because it lacks a blue-water navy, overseas combat experience, supply lines, logistics networks, and command infrastructure for that theater.

He says China does not have a true blue-water navy and remains hemmed in by the United States' three island chains, making a Middle East expedition vulnerable.

Jiang says China does not yet have a true blue-water navy and remains dependent on the American Navy to secure the sea lanes that carry Chinese trade around the world.

Jiang defines a blue-water navy as more than ship count: it requires breaking out past the first island chain and sustaining military logistics through overseas ports and refueling networks.